¹H NMR Signals from Urine Excreted Protein Are a Source of Bias in Probabilistic Quotient Normalization.

ABSTRACT: Normalization to account for variation in urinary dilution is crucial for interpretation of urine metabolic profiles. Probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) is used routinely in metabolomics but is sensitive to systematic variation shared across a large proportion of the spectral profile (>50%). Where ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is employed, the presence of urinary protein can elevate the spectral baseline and substantially impact the resulting profile. Using ¹H NMR profile measurements of spot urine samples collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the ISARIC 4C study, we determined that PQN coefficients are significantly correlated with observed protein levels (r² = 0.423, p < 2.2 × 10^-16). This cor

SUBMITTER: Correia GDS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9118196 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature