Dataset Information

Momentary severity of psychotic symptoms predicts overestimation of competence in domains of everyday activities and work in schizophrenia: An ecological momentary assessment study.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Schizophrenia participants generate self-reports of their competencies that differ from objective information. They may base their reports on momentary moods or experiences rather than objective data. Theories of delusion formation implicate overconfidence during self-assessment as a cause.

Methods

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to sample activities and experiences in 101 participants with schizophrenia up to 3 times a day for 30 days. Each survey asked where and with whom they were, what they were doing, and moods and psychotic symptoms they were experiencing. Self-reports and observer ratings of competence in work and everyday activities were collected.

Results

Being home was associated with self-reports of better functioning in activities and work skills (p<.001) and being alone correlated with better self-reported functioning in activities (p<.001). Participants who reported more occurrences of hearing voices, paranoid ideation, and other psychotic symptoms reported their functioning as better (p<.001).

Implications

Schizophrenia was marked by a disconnect between momentary activities and self-assessments. Being home more was associated with better self-reported functioning on tasks that are only performed away from home. Psychotic symptoms were associated with overestimation, consistent with previous theories positing that overconfidence and suspension of plausibility assessment may be associated with psychotic experiences.

SUBMITTER: Gohari E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9119309 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Momentary severity of psychotic symptoms predicts overestimation of competence in domains of everyday activities and work in schizophrenia: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Gohari Ellaheh E Moore Raeanne C RC Depp Colin A CA Ackerman Robert A RA Pinkham Amy E AE Harvey Philip D PD

Psychiatry research 20220225

<h4>Objectives</h4>Schizophrenia participants generate self-reports of their competencies that differ from objective information. They may base their reports on momentary moods or experiences rather than objective data. Theories of delusion formation implicate overconfidence during self-assessment as a cause.<h4>Methods</h4>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to sample activities and experiences in 101 participants with schizophrenia up to 3 times a day for 30 days. Each survey asked ...[more]

PMID: 35245835

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Project description:ObjectiveThe present study investigated the associations between symptom-related expectations, self-management experiences and expectation framing on somatic symptom severity in university students in two conditions (positive or standard expectation framing). We hypothesised that symptom-related expectations are significantly associated with concurrent and subsequent levels of somatic symptom depending on expectation framing.DesignA smartphone-based micro-longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study with randomisation to one of two expectation framing groups (positive vs negative) was carried out. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses were conducted for data analysis.SettingData was collected in real-time from university students via smartphones, with three predetermined assessments per day over seven consecutive days.ParticipantsA total of 104 students (63.5% male, 0% diverse) who were 18 years or older, possessing sufficient German language skills and had access to an Android-powered smartphone were included.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to one of two different expectation framing groups, either receiving questionnaires for the expected impairment due to somatic symptoms (negative framing) or for the expected freedom from impairment due to somatic symptoms (positive framing).Primary outcome measuresSomatic symptom severity was assessed using an adapted version of the Patient Health Questionnaire, with 11-point instead of 3-point Likert-scales. Symptom-related expectations were assessed using 11-point Numerical Rating Scales and self-management experiences were assessed using binary variables.ResultsConcurrent analysis revealed a significant association between symptom-related expectations and symptom severity (β=0.934, p<0.001), but no significant associations between self-management experiences and symptom severity. Regarding expectation framing, participants in the negative group reported higher symptom severity levels than those in the positive group (β=-0.071, p<0.001). Results indicated a stronger association between symptom-related expectations and symptom severity in the negative framing group (β=-0.088, p<0.001). Time-lagged analysis showed higher levels of symptom-related expectations predicted higher subsequent symptom severity levels (β=0.502, p<0.001), whereas preceding symptom severity levels or self-management experiences did not predict subsequent symptom severity levels. Negative framing was associated with higher subsequent symptom severity levels (β=-0.158, p<0.001). The effect of symptom-related expectations on subsequent symptom severity levels was independent of expectation framing.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the impact of expectations and expectation framing on somatic symptom severity among university students and expand the knowledge needed for the development of expectation management techniques.Trial registration numberISRCTN36251388.

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Project description:BackgroundParanoia is a spectrum of fear-related experiences that spans diagnostic categories and is influenced by social and cognitive factors. The extent to which social media and other types of media use are associated with paranoia remains unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to examine associations between media use and paranoia at the within- and between-person levels.MethodsParticipants were 409 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder. Measures included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline, followed by ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) collected 3 times daily over 30 days. EMA evaluated paranoia and 5 types of media use: social media, television, music, reading or writing, and other internet or computer use. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine paranoia as a function of each type of media use and vice versa at the within- and between-person levels.ResultsOf the 409 participants, the following subgroups reported at least 1 instance of media use: 261 (63.8%) for using social media, 385 (94.1%) for watching TV, 292 (71.4%) for listening to music, 191 (46.7%) for reading or writing, and 280 (68.5%) for other internet or computer use. Gender, ethnoracial groups, educational attainment, and diagnosis of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder were differentially associated with the likelihood of media use. There was a within-person association between social media use and paranoia: using social media was associated with a subsequent decrease of 5.5% (fold-change 0.945, 95% CI 0.904-0.987) in paranoia. The reverse association, from paranoia to subsequent changes in social media use, was not statistically significant. Other types of media use were not significantly associated with paranoia.ConclusionsThis study shows that social media use was associated with a modest decrease in paranoia, perhaps reflecting the clinical benefits of social connection. However, structural disadvantage and individual factors may hamper the accessibility of media activities, and the mental health correlates of media use may further vary as a function of contents and contexts of use.

Dataset Information

Momentary severity of psychotic symptoms predicts overestimation of competence in domains of everyday activities and work in schizophrenia: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Implications

Publications

Momentary severity of psychotic symptoms predicts overestimation of competence in domains of everyday activities and work in schizophrenia: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Similar Datasets

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