Dataset Information

Reduced bacterial mortality and enhanced viral productivity during sinking in the ocean.

ABSTRACT: Particle sinking is an important process in the ocean, influencing the biogeochemical cycle and driving the long-term preservation of carbon into the deep sea via the biological pump. However, as an important component of marine ecosystems, the role of viruses during sinking is still poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a series of transplantation experiments in the South China Sea to simulate environmental changes during sinking and investigate their effects on viral eco-dynamics and life strategy. Our study demonstrated increased viral production but decreased virus-mediated bacterial mortality after transplantation. A larger burst size and switch from the lysogenic to lytic strategy were shown to contribute to enhanced viral productivity. We provide experimental evidence that surface viral ecological characteristics changed dramatically after transplantation into deep-sea waters, indicating a potential importance of viruses during vertical sinking in the ocean. This effect probably provides positive feedback on the efficiency of the biological pump.

SUBMITTER: Wei W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9123201 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced bacterial mortality and enhanced viral productivity during sinking in the ocean.

Wei Wei W Chen Xiaowei X Weinbauer Markus G MG Jiao Nianzhi N Zhang Rui R

The ISME journal 20220401 6

Particle sinking is an important process in the ocean, influencing the biogeochemical cycle and driving the long-term preservation of carbon into the deep sea via the biological pump. However, as an important component of marine ecosystems, the role of viruses during sinking is still poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a series of transplantation experiments in the South China Sea to simulate environmental changes during sinking and investigate their effects on viral eco-dynamics and life ...[more]

PMID: 35365738

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Project description:Any type of non-buoyant material in the ocean is transported horizontally by currents during its sinking journey. This lateral transport can be far from negligible for small sinking velocities. To estimate its magnitude and direction, the material is often modelled as a set of Lagrangian particles advected by current velocities that are obtained from Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs). State-of-the-art OGCMs are strongly eddying, similar to the real ocean, providing results with a spatial resolution on the order of 10 km on a daily frequency. While the importance of eddies in OGCMs is well-appreciated in the physical oceanographic community, other marine research communities may not. Further, many long term climate modelling simulations (e.g. in paleoclimate) rely on lower spatial resolution models that do not capture mesoscale features. To demonstrate how much the absence of mesoscale features in low-resolution models influences the Lagrangian particle transport, we simulate the transport of sinking Lagrangian particles using low- and high-resolution global OGCMs, and assess the lateral transport differences resulting from the difference in spatial and temporal model resolution. We find major differences between the transport in the non-eddying OGCM and in the eddying OGCM. Addition of stochastic noise to the particle trajectories in the non-eddying OGCM parameterises the effect of eddies well in some cases (e.g. in the North Pacific gyre). The effect of a coarser temporal resolution (once every 5 days versus monthly) is smaller compared to a coarser spatial resolution (0.1° versus 1° horizontally). We recommend to use sinking Lagrangian particles, representing e.g. marine snow, microplankton or sinking plastic, only with velocity fields from eddying Eulerian OGCMs, requiring high-resolution models in e.g. paleoceanographic studies. To increase the accessibility of our particle trace simulations, we launch planktondrift.science.uu.nl, an online tool to reconstruct the surface origin of sedimentary particles in a specific location.

Dataset Information

Reduced bacterial mortality and enhanced viral productivity during sinking in the ocean.

Publications

Reduced bacterial mortality and enhanced viral productivity during sinking in the ocean.

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