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Fusarium graminearum as a producer of xylanases with low cellulases when grown on wheat bran.

ABSTRACT: The xylanolytic potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Theobroma cacao was explored for the first time. Four fungal strains showed significant amounts of xylanase activity and low cellulase levels when grown on wheat bran as the sole carbon source. Strain Ec220 of Fusarium graminearum had the highest xylanase production (1.79 U/ml), whereas its cellulase activity was minimal (0.24 U/ml). Optimal conditions for xylanase production were: 154 h of incubation time, pH 5.79 and 29.8 °C. Furthermore, two protein spots detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed molecular weights (26.05 and 27.70 kDa) and isoelectric points (6.18 and 9.20) corresponding to previously reported F. graminearum xylanases, Xyl A and Xyl B, respectively. Therefore, endophytic fungi of T. cacao can be an important source of xylanolytic activities when cultured on wheat bran, and xylanases with low cellulases found in strain Ec220 require further characterization as they show promise for possible industrial applications.

SUBMITTER: Cruz-Davila J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9127173 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fusarium graminearum as a producer of xylanases with low cellulases when grown on wheat bran.

Cruz-Davila Jhon J Perez Jeffrey Vargas JV Castillo Daynet Sosa Del DSD Diez Nardy N

Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20220517

The xylanolytic potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Theobroma cacao was explored for the first time. Four fungal strains showed significant amounts of xylanase activity and low cellulase levels when grown on wheat bran as the sole carbon source. Strain Ec220 of Fusarium graminearum had the highest xylanase production (1.79 U/ml), whereas its cellulase activity was minimal (0.24 U/ml). Optimal conditions for xylanase production were: 154 h of incubation time, pH 5. ...[more]

PMID: 35619590

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Project description:BackgroundThe mycotoxin producing fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small grain cereals in fields worldwide. Although F. graminearum is highly investigated by means of molecular genetics, detailed studies about hyphal development during initial infection stages are rare. In addition, the role of mycotoxins during initial infection stages of FHB is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the infection strategy of the fungus on different floral organs of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under real time conditions by constitutive expression of the dsRed reporter gene in a TRI5prom::GFP mutant. Additionally, trichothecene induction during infection was visualised with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coupled TRI5 promoter. A tissue specific infection pattern and TRI5 induction were tested by using different floral organs of wheat. Through combination of bioimaging and electron microscopy infection structures were identified and characterised. In addition, the role of trichothecene production for initial infection was elucidated by a ΔTRI5-GFP reporter strain.ResultsThe present investigation demonstrates the formation of foot structures and compound appressoria by F. graminearum. All infection structures developed from epiphytic runner hyphae. Compound appressoria including lobate appressoria and infection cushions were observed on inoculated caryopses, paleas, lemmas, and glumes of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. A specific trichothecene induction in infection structures was demonstrated by different imaging techniques. Interestingly, a ΔTRI5-GFP mutant formed the same infection structures and exhibited a similar symptom development compared to the wild type and the TRI5prom::GFP mutant.ConclusionsThe different specialised infection structures of F. graminearum on wheat florets, as described in this study, indicate that the penetration strategy of this fungus is far more complex than postulated to date. We show that trichothecene biosynthesis is specifically induced in infection structures, but is neither necessary for their development nor for formation of primary symptoms on wheat.

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Fusarium graminearum as a producer of xylanases with low cellulases when grown on wheat bran.

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<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> as a producer of xylanases with low cellulases when grown on wheat bran.

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