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An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

ABSTRACT: While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated genetic mechanisms influencing ASD are likely to be the first targets of treatments and even gene therapy in the future for ASD. In this article, we provide a review of current psychopharmacological treatment in ASD including those used to address common comorbidities of the condition and upcoming new targeted approaches in autism management. Medications including metformin, arbaclofen, cannabidiol, oxytocin, bumetanide, lovastatin, trofinetide, and dietary supplements including sulforophane and N-acetylcysteine are discussed. Commonly used medications to address the comorbidities associated with ASD including atypical antipsychotics, serotoninergic agents, alpha-2 agonists, and stimulant medications are also reviewed. Targeted treatments in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic disorder leading to ASD, provide a model for new treatments that may be helpful for other forms of ASD.

SUBMITTER: Aishworiya R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9130393 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Aishworiya Ramkumar R Valica Tatiana T Hagerman Randi R Restrepo Bibiana B

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 20220114 1

While behavioral interventions remain the mainstay of treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several potential targeted treatments addressing the underlying neurophysiology of ASD have emerged in the last few years. These are promising for the potential to, in future, become part of the mainstay treatment in addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Although it is likely that the development of future targeted treatments will be influenced by the underlying heterogeneity in etiology, associated ...[more]

PMID: 35029811

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Project description:Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impaired ability to properly implement environmental stimuli that are essential to achieve a state of social and cultural exchange. Indeed, the main features of ASD are impairments of interpersonal relationships, verbal and non-verbal communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. These aspects are often accompanied by several comorbidities such as motor delay, praxis impairment, gait abnormalities, insomnia, and above all epilepsy. Genetic analyses of autistic individuals uncovered deleterious mutations in several K(+) channel types strengthening the notion that their intrinsic dysfunction may play a central etiologic role in ASD. However, indirect implication of K(+) channels in ASD has been also reported. For instance, loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) results in K(+) channels deregulation, network dysfunction and ASD-like cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This review provides an update on direct and indirect implications of K(+) channels in ASDs. Owing to a mounting body of evidence associating a channelopathy pathogenesis to autism and showing that nearly 500 ion channel proteins are encoded by the human genome, we propose to classify ASDs - whose susceptibility is significantly enhanced by ion channels defects, either in a monogenic or multigenic condition - in a new category named " c hannel A utism S pectrum D isorder" (channelASD; cASD) and introduce a new taxonomy (e.g., Kv x.y-channelASD and likewise Nav x.y-channelASD, Cav x.y-channelASD; etc.). This review also highlights some degree of clinical and genetic overlap between K(+) channelASDs and K(+) channelepsies, whereby such correlation suggests that a subcategory characterized by a channelASD-channelepsy phenotype may be distinguished. Ultimately, this overview aims to further understand the different clinical subgroups and help parse out the distinct biological basis of autism that are essential to establish patient-tailored treatments.

Dataset Information

An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Publications

An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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