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Contemporary Research on Older Black Americans, a Special Issue of Journal of Aging and Health in Honor of the Life and Legacy of James S. Jackson.

ABSTRACT: This special issue of the Journal of Aging and Health honors the memory of James Jackson by elevating his many research contributions to the physical and mental health of older Black Americans. The articles focus on the central problems and questions that James Jackson addressed throughout his illustrious career. All articles in the special issue focus on older Black Americans and include at least one of the following elements: (1) articles based on the National Survey of American Life, the data set for which James Jackson was the Principal Investigator; (2) articles that utilize the Environmental Affordances Model which was developed by James Jackson; (3) articles that include the Everyday Discrimination scale which was originally published by David Williams, James Jackson, and colleagues; (4) and articles based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the data set for which James Jackson served as Editor for a special issue of The Gerontologist.

SUBMITTER: Taylor RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9134215 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Contemporary Research on Older Black Americans, a Special Issue of Journal of Aging and Health in Honor of the Life and Legacy of James S. Jackson.

Taylor Robert Joseph RJ

Journal of aging and health 20220413 3

This special issue of the Journal of Aging and Health honors the memory of James Jackson by elevating his many research contributions to the physical and mental health of older Black Americans. The articles focus on the central problems and questions that James Jackson addressed throughout his illustrious career. All articles in the special issue focus on older Black Americans and include at least one of the following elements: (1) articles based on the National Survey of American Life, the data ...[more]

PMID: 35417277

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Project description:Background In order to track progress towards the target of universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services of the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a measure (demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods) and a benchmark (at least 75% by 2030 in all countries) have been recommended. Objectives The goal of this study was to assess the prospects of reaching the benchmark at the country level. Such information can facilitate strategic planning, including resource allocation at global and country levels. Design We selected 63 countries based on their status as least developed according to the United Nations or as a priority country in global family planning initiatives. Using United Nations estimates and projections of family planning indicators between 1970 and 2030, we calculated percent demand for family planning satisfied with modern contraceptive methods for each year and country. We then calculated the annual percentage point changes between 2014 and 2030 required to meet the benchmark. The required rates of change were compared to current projections as well as estimates between 1970 and 2010. Results To reach the benchmark on average across the 63 countries, demand satisfied with modern methods must increase by 2.2 percentage points per year between 2014 and 2030 – more than double current projections. Between 1970 and 2010, such rapid progress was observed in 24 study countries but typically spanning 5–10 years. At currently projected rates, only 9 of the 63 study countries will reach the benchmark. Meanwhile, the gap between projected and required changes is largest in the Central and West African regions, 0.9 and 3.0 percentage points per year, respectively. If the benchmark is achieved, 334 million women across the study countries will use a modern contraceptive method in 2030, compared to 226 million women in 2014. Conclusions In order to achieve the component of the SDGs calling for universal access to sexual and reproductive health services, substantial effort is needed to accelerate rates of progress by a factor of 2 in most study countries and by a factor of 3 in Central and West African countries.

Project description:Background25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is lower in black compared with white Americans but is not consistently associated with outcomes in this group, possibly due to genetic and other biological differences. We examined the association of plasma 25(OH)D and renal outcomes in black Americans with a focus on effect modifiers.MethodsWe studied associations between baseline 25(OH)D with (i) annual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and (ii) incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort of black Americans. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were corrected for monthly variation in sunlight exposure using the residual method. We used adjusted generalized linear models to evaluate outcomes and assessed potential effect modification by diabetes mellitus, vitamin D binding protein (DBP) genotype, obesity, dietary sodium intake, and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.ResultsAmong 5164 participants with 25(OH)D available, plasma 25(OH)D was 14.5 ± 6.5 ng/mL (mean ± SD), and eGFR was 94.1 ± 22.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Over a median of 8 years, eGFR decline was 1.3 ± 2.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year in 3228 participants with complete data, and 220 out of 1803 eligible participants developed incident CKD. Overall, 25(OH)D was not associated with eGFR decline in fully adjusted models. However, higher 25(OH)D was associated with slower eGFR decline among those with diabetes: each 5 ng/mL higher 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.27 mL/min/1.73 m2/y slower eGFR decline (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.41; P < 0.001). Higher 25(OH)D was not associated with incident CKD overall, but it was associated with lower odds of incident CKD among participants with the GG or GT genotype at rs7041 in the gene encoding DBP [OR, 0.69 per 5 ng/mL higher 25(OH)D; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.93; P-interaction = 0.005]. Other interactions were not significant.ConclusionThese findings support a potential benefit of higher 25(OH)D for kidney health in black Americans with diabetes or specific variants in DBP.

Dataset Information

Contemporary Research on Older Black Americans, a Special Issue of Journal of Aging and Health in Honor of the Life and Legacy of James S. Jackson.

Publications

Contemporary Research on Older Black Americans, a Special Issue of Journal of Aging and Health in Honor of the Life and Legacy of James S. Jackson.

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