Dataset Information

Salt-Tolerant PGPR Confer Salt Tolerance to Maize Through Enhanced Soil Biological Health, Enzymatic Activities, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Defense.

ABSTRACT: Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve soil enzyme activities, which are indicators of the biological health of the soil, and can overcome the nutritional imbalance in plants. A pot trial was executed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different salt-tolerant PGPR strains in improving soil enzyme activities. Three different salinity levels (original, 5, and 10 dS m^-1) were used and maize seeds were coated with the freshly prepared inocula of ten different PGPR strains. Among different strains, inoculation of SUA-14 (Acinetobacter johnsonii) caused a maximum increment in urease (1.58-fold), acid (1.38-fold), and alkaline phosphatase (3.04-fold) and dehydrogenase (72%) activities as compared to their respective uninoculated control. Acid phosphatase activities were found to be positively correlated with P contents in maize straw (r = 0.96) and grains (r = 0.94). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between alkaline phosphatase activities and P contents in straw (r = 0.77) and grains (r = 0.75). In addition, urease activities also exhibited positive correlation with N contents in maize straw (r = 0.92) and grains (r = 0.91). Moreover, inoculation of Acinetobacter johnsonii caused a significant decline in catalase (39%), superoxide dismutase (26%) activities, and malondialdehyde contents (27%). The PGPR inoculation improved the soil's biological health and increased the uptake of essential nutrients and conferred salinity tolerance in maize. We conclude that the inoculation of salt-tolerant PGPR improves soil enzyme activities and soil biological health, overcomes nutritional imbalance, and thereby improves nutrient acquisition by the plant under salt stress.

SUBMITTER: Shabaan M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9136238 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Salt-Tolerant PGPR Confer Salt Tolerance to Maize Through Enhanced Soil Biological Health, Enzymatic Activities, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Defense.

Shabaan Muhammad M Asghar Hafiz Naeem HN Zahir Zahir Ahmad ZA Zhang Xiu X Sardar Muhammad Fahad MF Li Hongna H

Frontiers in microbiology 20220513

Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve soil enzyme activities, which are indicators of the biological health of the soil, and can overcome the nutritional imbalance in plants. A pot trial was executed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different salt-tolerant PGPR strains in improving soil enzyme activities. Three different salinity levels (original, 5, and 10 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) were used and maize seeds were coated with the freshly prepared inocula of ten di ...[more]

PMID: 35633670

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Project description:BackgroundSalt stress is one of the most significant environmental challenges, severely impacting rice growth and yield. While different rice varieties exhibit varying levels of tolerance to salinity, Pokkali, a traditional salt-tolerant variety, stands out for its ability to thrive in saline conditions. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms that underpin this tolerance is essential for breeding and developing rice varieties with enhanced resilience to salt stress.MethodsIn this study, we selected the salt-tolerant rice variety Pokkali and the salt-sensitive variety IR29 for a controlled saline stress experiment. Plants were subjected to a 150 mM NaCl treatment for 7 days, after which leaf samples were collected from both varieties. Antioxidant physiological parameters were measured, and RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses were conducted to explore gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Key genes identified through sequencing were validated using RT-qPCR.ResultsUnder salt stress, Pokkali demonstrated strong tolerance and a higher antioxidant capacity compared to IR29, as evidenced by increased survival rates and fresh weight. Pokkali also showed elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, along with reduced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Transcriptomic and ATAC-seq analyses revealed that Pokkali's upregulated genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to redox homeostasis. These genes were also involved in metabolic processes such as glycan biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. Furthermore, ATAC-seq analysis indicated increased chromatin accessibility in the promoter regions of key antioxidant genes under salt stress in Pokkali, reflecting enhanced transcriptional activity. Four key antioxidant-related genes-MnSOD1, OsAPx7, OsGR1, and Osppc3-were identified and validated by qPCR, showing significant upregulation in Pokkali. ATAC-seq data further supported that these genes had increased promoter accessibility under salt stress, aligning with the RNA-seq findings.ConclusionThis study underscores the critical role of antioxidant defense mechanisms in conferring salt tolerance in Pokkali. The identification of key genes involved in redox regulation provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of salt tolerance, offering potential targets for the genetic improvement of salt-sensitive rice varieties through breeding programs.

Project description:The intensification of oxidative stress and destabilization of the antioxidative defenses of an organism is a consequence of many environmental factors. We considered aspects conditioning male reproductive potential and the functionality of enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and their correlations with Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as genetic polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) in men with infertility (n = 76). A healthy normozoospermic control (n = 87) was also used. We assessed the impact of negative changes driven by oxidative stress on enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms as well as the role of MDA in the overall process. On this basis, we infer connections between disturbances in enzymatic antioxidative defense and reproductive potential. Based on a molecular analysis of the polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) (chromosome 5) (PCR-RFLP), we considered the relationships among particular genotypes with the possibility of occurrence of male infertility. Concentrations of chemical elements were measured in the blood. The activity of antioxidants and MDA levels were measured in serum. In the infertile group, higher GPx activity was noted (6.56 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, control: 4.31 nmoL·min-1·mL-1; p = 0.004), while GR achieved a greater level in the control (17.74 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, infertile: 15.97 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, p = 0.043), which implies diversified efficiency of the first and second lines of defense. The polymorphism of IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) was not directly connected with infertility because there were not any differences in the frequency of genotypes between the infertile and control group (p = 0.578). An analysis of genotypes CC and TT (polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250)) indicated numerous correlations between antioxidants, chemical elements and MDA. Therefore, chemical economy, antioxidative defense and genetic conditions are connected and jointly shape male reproductive potential. Chemical elements influence antioxidative defense and male fertility; the most important modulators appeared to be Na, Ba, Al and B. The polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) has a limited influence on antioxidative defense and the metabolism of chemical elements.

Project description:Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that causes great loss of yield and serious decrease in quality in maize (Zea mays L.). Therefore, it is very important to reveal the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in maize. To acknowledge the molecular mechanisms underlying maize salt tolerance, two maize inbred lines, including salt-tolerant 8723 and salt-sensitive P138, were used in this study. Comparative proteomics of seedling roots from two maize inbred lines under 180 mM salt stress for 10 days were performed by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. A total of 1056 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. In total, 626 DEPs were identified in line 8723 under salt stress, among them, 378 up-regulated and 248 down-regulated. There were 473 DEPs identified in P138, of which 212 were up-regulated and 261 were down-regulated. Venn diagram analysis showed that 17 DEPs were up-regulated and 12 DEPs were down-regulated in the two inbred lines. In addition, 8 DEPs were up-regulated in line 8723 but down-regulated in P138, 6 DEPs were down-regulated in line 8723 but up-regulated in P138. In salt-stressed 8723, the DEPs were primarily associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Intriguingly, the DEPs were only associated with the nitrogen metabolism pathway in P138. Compared to P138, the root response to salt stress in 8723 could maintain stronger water retention capacity, osmotic regulation ability, synergistic effects of antioxidant enzymes, energy supply capacity, signal transduction, ammonia detoxification ability, lipid metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis. Based on the proteome sequencing information, changes of 8 DEPs abundance were related to the corresponding mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results from this study may elucidate some details of salt tolerance mechanisms and salt tolerance breeding of maize.

Project description:Soil salinity has emerged as a major obstacle to meet world food demands. Halo-tolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are potential bioinoculants to enhance crop productivity in saline agriculture. Current work was aimed at studying individual or synergetic impact of salt tolerant PGPR on wheat growth and yield under saline conditions. A pot experiment was conducted on two wheat genotypes (Aas-11; salt tolerant and Galaxy-13; salt sensitive) inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus pumilus, and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum alone and in consortium. The salt tolerant variety (Aas-11) exhibited maximum root fresh (665.2%) and dry biomass (865%), free proline (138.12%) and total soluble proteins (155.9%) contents, CAT (41.7%) activity and shoot potassium uptake (81.08%) upon inoculation with B. pumilus, while improved shoot dry weight (70.39%), water (23.49%) and osmotic (29.65%) potential, POD (60.51%) activity, enhanced root potassium (286.36%) and shoot calcium (400%) were manifested by E. aurantiacum. Highest shoot length (14.38%), fresh weight (72.73%), potassium (29.7%) and calcium (400%) acquisition as well as glycinebetaine (270.31%) content were found in plants treated with PGPR consortium. On the other hand, in the salt sensitive variety (Galaxy-13), P. fluorescens treated plants showed significantly improved leaf-water relations, glycinebetaine (10.78%) content, shoot potassium (23.07%), root calcium (50%) uptake, and yield parameters, respectively. Plant root length (71.72%) and potassium content (113.39%), root and shoot fresh and dry biomass, turgor potential (231.02%) and free proline (317.2%) content were maximum upon PGPR inoculation in consortium. Overall, Aas-11 (salt tolerant variety) showed significantly better performance than Galaxy-13 (salt sensitive variety). This study recommends B. pumilus and E. aurantiacum for the salt tolerant (Aas-11) and P. fluorescens for the salt sensitive (Galaxy-13) varieties, as potential bioinoculants to augment their growth and yield through modulation of morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes under saline conditions.

Project description:Background and aimsDuring their domestication, maize, bean and squash evolved in polycultures grown by small-scale farmers in the Americas. Polycultures often overyield on low-fertility soils, which are a primary production constraint in low-input agriculture. We hypothesized that root architectural differences among these crops causes niche complementarity and thereby greater nutrient acquisition than corresponding monocultures.MethodsA functional-structural plant model, SimRoot, was used to simulate the first 40 d of growth of these crops in monoculture and polyculture and to determine the effects of root competition on nutrient uptake and biomass production of each plant on low-nitrogen, -phosphorus and -potassium soils.Key resultsSquash, the earliest domesticated crop, was most sensitive to low soil fertility, while bean, the most recently domesticated crop, was least sensitive to low soil fertility. Nitrate uptake and biomass production were up to 7 % greater in the polycultures than in the monocultures, but only when root architecture was taken into account. Enhanced nitrogen capture in polycultures was independent of nitrogen fixation by bean. Root competition had negligible effects on phosphorus or potassium uptake or biomass production.ConclusionsWe conclude that spatial niche differentiation caused by differences in root architecture allows polycultures to overyield when plants are competing for mobile soil resources. However, direct competition for immobile resources might be negligible in agricultural systems. Interspecies root spacing may also be too large to allow maize to benefit from root exudates of bean or squash. Above-ground competition for light, however, may have strong feedbacks on root foraging for immobile nutrients, which may increase cereal growth more than it will decrease the growth of the other crops. We note that the order of domestication of crops correlates with increasing nutrient efficiency, rather than production potential.

Dataset Information

Salt-Tolerant PGPR Confer Salt Tolerance to Maize Through Enhanced Soil Biological Health, Enzymatic Activities, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Defense.

Publications

Salt-Tolerant PGPR Confer Salt Tolerance to Maize Through Enhanced Soil Biological Health, Enzymatic Activities, Nutrient Uptake and Antioxidant Defense.

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