Poll Finds Rural Residents More Hesitant to Get Vaccinated.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Marema T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9138735 | biostudies-literature | 2021
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Poll Finds Rural Residents More Hesitant to Get Vaccinated.
Journal of Appalachian health 20210124 1
Rural residents are more hesitant than their metropolitan counterparts to get a Covid-19 vaccination, even though rural areas have higher rates of infections and deaths from the coronavirus. ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundAlthough increasing staff numbers during shifts when emergency department (ED) crowding is severe can help meet patient demand, it remains unclear how different types of added staff, particularly junior residents, may affect crowding.MethodsTo identify associations between types of staff and ED crowding, we conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study in the ED of a large, teaching hospital in Japan between January and December 2012. Patients who visited the ED during the study period were enrolled. We excluded (1) patients previously scheduled to visit the ED, and (2) neonates transferred from other hospitals. During the study period, 27,970 patients were enrolled. Types of staff analyzed were junior (first and second year) residents, senior (third to fifth year) residents, attending (board-certified) physicians, and nurses. A generalized linear model was applied to length of ED stay for all patients as well as admitted and discharged patients to quantify an association with the additional staff.ResultsIn the model, addition of one attending physician or senior resident was associated with decreased length of ED stay for total patients by 3.88 or 1.64 minutes, respectively (95% CI, 2.20-5.56 and 0.81-2.48 minutes); while additional nursing staff had no association. Surprisingly, however, one additional junior resident was associated with prolonged length of ED stay for total patients by 0.97 minutes (95% CI 0.37-1.57 minutes) and for discharged patients by 1.01 minutes (95% CI 0.45-1.59 minutes).ConclusionStaffing adjustments aimed at alleviating ED crowding should focus on adding more senior staff during peak-volume shifts.
| S-EPMC4219696 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9258752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo report on contextual variance in the distributed rural family medicine residency programs of 3 Canadian medical schools.DesignA constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed.SettingRural and remote postgraduate family medicine programs at the University of Alberta, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Calgary.ParticipantsTwenty-six family practice residents were interviewed, providing descriptions of 27 different rural sites and 10 regional sites.MethodsInterviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.Main findingsParticipants differentiated between main campus academic health science centres; regional referral hub sites; and smaller, rural, and more remote community sites. Participants described major differences between sites in terms of patient, practice, educational, physical, institutional, and social factors. The differences between training sites included variations in learning opportunities; physical challenges related to weather, distance, and travel; and the social opportunities offered. There were also differences in how residents perceived their training sites, both in terms of what they noticed and how they interpreted their observations and experiences. Although there were contextual differences between regional sites, those differences were a lot less than between different smaller rural and remote sites. These differences shaped the learning opportunities available to residents and influenced their well-being.ConclusionAlthough there may be some similarities between distributed training sites, each training context presents unique challenges and opportunities for the family medicine residents placed there. More attention to the specific affordances of different training contexts is required.
| S-EPMC9842163 | biostudies-literature
Project description:•Motivation of Chinese rural residents to participate in RTR identified•Motivational model of Chinese rural resident participating in RTR is constructed•Model includes intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and impacts of RTR policy•RTR policy may influence rural residents' final decision to participate RTR.
| S-EPMC10755533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Following the approval by the FDA of two COVID-19 vaccines, which are administered in two doses three to four weeks apart, we simulate the effects of various vaccine distribution policies on the cumulative number of infections and deaths in the United States in the presence of shocks to the supply of vaccines. Our forecasts suggest that allocating more than 50% of available doses to individuals who have not received their first dose can significantly increase the number of lives saved and significantly reduce the number of COVID-19 infections. We find that a 50% allocation saves on average 33% more lives, and prevents on average 32% more infections relative to a policy that guarantees a second dose within the recommended time frame to all individuals who have already received their first dose. In fact, in the presence of supply shocks, we find that the former policy would save on average 8, 793 lives and prevents on average 607, 100 infections while the latter policy would save on average 6, 609 lives and prevents on average 460, 743 infections.
| S-EPMC10022372 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We describe a cluster of COVID-19 breakthrough infections after vaccination in Kyamulibwa, Kalungu District, Uganda. All but 1 infection were from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain BA.5.2.1. We identified 6 distinct genotypes by genome sequencing. Infections were mild, suggesting vaccination is not protective against infection but may limit disease severity.
| S-EPMC9796194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Persons living or working in nursing homes faced a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the pandemic, resulting in heightened morbidity and mortality among older adults despite robust vaccination efforts. This prospective study evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity in fully vaccinated residents and workers from two nursing homes in Madrid, Spain, from 2020 to 2021. Measurements of IgG levels were conducted in August 2020 (pre-vaccination) and June and September 2021 (post-vaccination), alongside assessments of neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses in September 2021 among the most vulnerable individuals. Follow-up extended until February 2022 to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection or mortality, involving 267 residents (mean age 87.6 years, 81.3% women) and 302 workers (mean age 50.7 years, 82.1% women). Residents exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing COVID-19 before June 2021 compared with nursing staff (OR [95% CI], 7.2 [3.0 to 17.2], p < 0.01). Participants with a history of previous COVID-19 infection showed more significant increases in IgG levels in August 2020, June 2021 and September 2021, alongside an increased proportion of neutralizing antibodies in the most vulnerable individuals. However, IgG decay remained the same between June and September 2021 based on the previous COVID-19 status. During the Omicron variant wave, residents and staff showed a similar rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Notably, preceding clinical or immunological factors before receiving three vaccination doses did not demonstrate associations with COVID-19 infection or overall mortality in our participant cohort.
| S-EPMC10891794 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Discrepancies between needed and received hospice care exist, especially in rural areas. Hospice care quality ratings for 743 rural and urban patients and their families were compared. Rural participants reported higher overall satisfaction and with pain/symptom management. Regardless of geographic location, satisfaction was higher when patients were informed and emotionally supported. Patients and family ratings did not differ. Findings support prior reports using retrospective rather than our study's point-of-care surveys.
| S-EPMC4582410 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveHealth equality has drawn much public attention in both developed and developing countries. China, the largest developing country, has implemented a new round of health system reform to improve health equality since 2009. This study aims to examine the magnitude and sources of income-related health inequality in western rural regions of China.MethodsData were obtained from the Survey of Rural Economic and Social Development in Western China conducted in 2014, in which 14,555 individuals from 5,299 households in 12 provinces were included. Health outcome variables of interest were self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness. Concentration index was calculated to assess magnitude of income-related health inequality, and nonlinear decomposition analysis was performed to identify the sources of health inequality.ResultsThe Concentration indexes for poor self-rated health status, prevalence of chronic disease and four-week illness were -0.0898 (P<0.001),-0.0860 (P<0.001) and -0.1284 (P<0.001), respectively. Income and education were two main sources of health inequality, accounting for about 25-50% and 15% contribution to the inequality. Ethnicity made <10% contribution to income-related health inequality, and enrollment in New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme contributed to <1%.ConclusionThis study found slight income-related health inequality among rural residents in western China, implying that although China has made substantial progress in economic development and poverty alleviation, health inequality in western rural region should still be concerned by the government. To achieve health equality further, the Chinese government should not only strengthen its reimbursement mechanism of the current health insurance scheme to improve affordability of primary healthcare for residents in western rural regions, but also implement health poverty alleviation policies targeting socioeconomically vulnerable population and ethnic minorities in future.
| S-EPMC9797679 | biostudies-literature