Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of Parnassius Butterflies (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) Reveal Their Origin and Deep Diversification in West China.

ABSTRACT: We studied 239 imagoes of 12 Parnassius species collected from the mountains of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its neighbouring areas in China. We selected three mitochondrial gene (COI, ND1, and ND5) sequences, along with the homologous gene sequences of other Parnassius species from GenBank, to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree and biogeographic history of this genus. Our results show that Parnassius comprises eight monophyletic subgenera, with subgenus Parnassius at the basal position; the genus crown group originated during the Middle Miocene (ca. 16.99 Ma), and species diversification continued during sustained cooling phases after the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum (MMCO) when the QTP and its neighbouring regions experienced rapid

SUBMITTER: Zhao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9142892 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature