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Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

ABSTRACT: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a serious degenerative disease affecting the eyes, and is the main cause of severe vision loss among people >55 years of age in developed countries. Its onset and progression have been associated with several genetic and lifestyle factors, with diet appearing to play a pivotal role in the latter. In particular, dietary eating patterns rich in plant foods have been shown to lower the risk of developing the disease, and to decrease the odds of progressing to more advanced stages in individuals already burdened with early AMD. We systematically reviewed the literature to analyse the relationship between the adherence to a Mediterranean diet, a mainly plant-based dietary pattern, and the onset/progression of AMD. Eight human observational studies were analysed. Despite some differences, they consistently indicate that higher adherence to a Mediterranean eating pattern lowers the odds of developing AMD and decreases the risk of progression to more advanced stages of the disease, establishing the way for preventative measures emphasizing dietary patterns rich in plant-foods.

SUBMITTER: Gastaldello A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9144566 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Gastaldello Annalisa A Giampieri Francesca F Quiles José L JL Navarro-Hortal María D MD Aparicio Silvia S García Villena Eduardo E Tutusaus Pifarre Kilian K De Giuseppe Rachele R Grosso Giuseppe G Cianciosi Danila D Forbes-Hernández Tamara Y TY Nabavi Seyed M SM Battino Maurizio M

Nutrients 20220512 10

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a serious degenerative disease affecting the eyes, and is the main cause of severe vision loss among people >55 years of age in developed countries. Its onset and progression have been associated with several genetic and lifestyle factors, with diet appearing to play a pivotal role in the latter. In particular, dietary eating patterns rich in plant foods have been shown to lower the risk of developing the disease, and to decrease the odds of progressing ...[more]

PMID: 35631175

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Project description:BackgroundA Mediterranean-style eating pattern is consistently associated with a decreased diabetes risk in Mediterranean and European populations. However, results in U.S. populations are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess whether a Mediterranean-style eating pattern would be associated with diabetes risk in a large, nationally representative U.S. cohort of black and white men and women.MethodsParticipants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study prospective cohort without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline (visit 1, 1987-1989; n = 11,991) were included (mean age 54 years, 56% female, 75% white). Alternate Mediterranean Diet scores (aMed) were calculated using the mean dietary intake self-reported at visit 1 and visit 3 (1993-1995) or visit 1 only for participants censored before visit 3. Participants were followed from visit 1 through 31 December 2016 for incident diabetes. We used Cox regression models to characterize associations of aMed (quintiles as well as per 1-point higher) with incident diabetes adjusted for energy intake, age, sex, race and study center, and education (Model 1) for all participants then stratified by race and body mass index (BMI). Model 2 included potential mediating behavioral and clinical measures associated with diabetes. Results are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 22 years, there were 4024 incident cases of diabetes. Higher aMed scores were associated with lower diabetes risk [Model 1: 0.83 (0.73-0.94) for Q5 vs Q1 (p-trend < 0.001) and 0.96 (0.95-0.98) for 1-point higher]. Associations were stronger for black vs white participants (interaction p < 0.001) and weaker for obese vs normal BMI (interaction p < 0.01). Associations were attenuated but statistically significant in Model 2.ConclusionsAn eating pattern high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fish, and moderate in alcohol was associated with a lower risk of diabetes in a community-based U.S.Population

Project description:BackgroundAdherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to a lower risk of mortality and chronic disease, but the association with the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and genetic susceptibility is unknown.ObjectiveWe examined the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and genetic susceptibility with progression to advanced AMD.DesignAmong 2525 subjects in the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study), 1028 eyes progressed to advanced AMD over 13 y. Baseline data for demographic and behavioral covariates were collected by using questionnaires. Dietary data were collected from food-frequency questionnaires. The alternate Mediterranean diet (aMeDi) score (range: 0-9) was constructed from individual intakes of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, red and processed meats, alcohol, and the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats. Ten genetic loci in 7 genes [complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2/high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2/HTRA1), complement component 2 (C2), complement factor B (CFB), complement component 3 (C3), collagen type VIII α 1 (COL8A1), and RAD51 paralog B (RAD51B)] were examined. Survival analysis was used to assess individual eyes for associations between incident AMD and aMeDi score, as well as interaction effects between aMeDi score and genetic variation on risk of AMD.ResultsA high aMeDi score (score of 6-9) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of progression to advanced AMD after adjustment for demographic, behavioral, ocular, and genetic covariates (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91; P-trend = 0.007). The aMeDi score was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident advanced AMD among subjects carrying the CFH Y402H nonrisk (T) allele (P-trend = 0.0004, P-interaction = 0.04). The aMeDi score was not associated with AMD among subjects who were homozygous for the risk (C) allele.ConclusionHigher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced risk of progression to advanced AMD, which may be modified by genetic susceptibility. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00594672.

Project description:Abstract Objectives To determine the effect of adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern with different quantities of lean unprocessed red meat on the plasma concentration of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), an emerging potential cardiovascular disease risk factor, in middle-aged adults classified as overweight or obese. Methods Thirty-nine adults (12 males and 27 females; age 46 ±10 years, BMI 30.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2; mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, crossover and controlled feeding trial. Each participant consumed a Mediterranean-style eating pattern for two 5-week intervention periods separated by ∼4 weeks of consuming their unrestricted, self-selected diet (washout). The Mediterranean-style eating pattern contained either a commonly recommended amount of red meat (∼200 g/wk, Med-200) or the average amount consumed in the U.S. (∼500 g/wk, Med-500). Plasma samples were collected before (baseline) and at the end (post) of the two intervention periods and TMAO was measured by stable isotope dilution chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric means were compared with mixed model tests in SAS. Results Baseline TMAO concentrations were not different between interventions (Med-200 = 4.4 ± 2.7 and Med-500 = 5.2 ± 4.5 μM, P = 0.476). These concentrations are similar to values reported in healthy adults. Post-intervention, TMAO was lower in Med-200 vs. Med-500 (3.1 ± 1.2 and 5.0 ± 2.6 μM, P = 0.001). Conclusions The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans encourages adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern to promote cardiovascular health, including reduced blood pressure and improved lipid-lipoprotein profile. The current results suggest that adopting a Mediterranean-study eating pattern may also reduce the cardiovascular disease risk factor TMAO, but only when it contains a lower, recommended, amount of lean unprocessed red meat. The influences of animal- and plant-based foods consumed with a Mediterranean-style and other healthy eating patterns on emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors remain to be determined. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02573129. Funding Sources Supported by theBeef Checkoff, the Pork Checkoff, the NIH pre-doctoral training grant 5T32DK076540-08, the NIH-supported Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute and the USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center.

Dataset Information

Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Publications

Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

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