Dataset Information

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To investigate phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in relation to antimicrobial use (AMU) and potential inter-species transmission among Escherichia coli from humans and chickens located in the same households in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.

Methods

We collected data on AMU and faecal swabs from humans (N = 426) and chickens (N = 237) from 237 small-scale farms. From each sample, one E. coli strain was isolated and tested for its susceptibility against 11 antimicrobials by Sensititre AST. The association between AMR and AMU was investigated by logistic regression modelling. Using randomization, we compared the degree of similarity in AMR patterns between human and chicken E. coli from the same farms compared with isolates from different farms.

Results

The AMU rate was ∼19 times higher in chickens (291.1 per 1000 chicken-days) than in humans (15.1 per 1000 person-days). Isolates from chickens also displayed a higher prevalence of multidrug resistance (63.3%) than those of human origin (55.1%). AMU increased the probability of resistance in isolates from human (ORs between 2.1 and 5.3) and chicken (ORs between 1.9 and 4.8). E. coli from humans and chickens living on same farms had a higher degree of similarity in their AMR patterns than isolates from humans and chicken living on different farms.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the co-influence of AMU and potential transmission on observed phenotypic AMR patterns among E. coli isolates from food-producing animals and in-contact humans. Restricting unnecessary AMU alongside limiting interspecies contact (i.e. increasing hygiene and biocontainment) are essential for reducing the burden of AMR.

SUBMITTER: Nhung NT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9154321 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Nhung Nguyen Thi NT Yen Nguyen Thi Phuong NTP Dung Nguyen Thi Thuy NTT Nhan Nguyen Thi Minh NTM Phu Doan Hoang DH Kiet Bach Tuan BT Thwaites Guy G Geskus Ronald B RB Baker Stephen S Carrique-Mas Juan J Choisy Marc M

JAC-antimicrobial resistance 20220527 3

<h4>Objectives</h4>To investigate phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in relation to antimicrobial use (AMU) and potential inter-species transmission among <i>Escherichia coli</i> from humans and chickens located in the same households in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected data on AMU and faecal swabs from humans (<i>N </i>= 426) and chickens (<i>N </i>= 237) from 237 small-scale farms. From each sample, one <i>E. coli</i> strain was isolated and tested for its suscep ...[more]

PMID: 35663829

Similar Datasets

Project description:In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, poultry farmers use high amounts of antimicrobials, but little is known about the drivers that influence this usage. We aimed to identify these drivers using a novel approach that combined participatory epidemiology (PE) and Q-sorting (a methodology that allows the analysis of the subjectivity of individuals facing a common phenomenon). A total of 26 semi-structured collective interviews were conducted with 125 farmers representative of the most common farming systems in the area (chickens, meat ducks, and mobile grazing ducks), as well as with 73 farmers' advisors [veterinarians, veterinary drug shop owners, and government veterinarians/commune animal health workers (CAHWs)] in five districts of Dong Thap province (Mekong Delta). Through these interviews, 46 statements related to the antimicrobials' perceived reliability, costs, and impact on flock health were created. These statements were then investigated on 54 individuals (28 farmers and 26 farmers' advisors) using Q-sorting interviews. Farmers generally indicated a higher propensity for antimicrobial usage (AMU) should their flocks encounter bacterial infections (75.0-78.6%) compared with viral infections (8.3-66.7%). The most trusted sources of advice to farmers were, in decreasing order: government veterinarian/CAHWs, their own knowledge/experience, veterinary drug shop owners, and sales persons from pharmaceutical and feed companies. The highest peak of AMU took place in the early phase of the production cycle. Farmers and their advisors showed considerable heterogeneity of attitudes with regards to AMU, with, respectively, four and three discourses representing their views on AMU. Overall, farmers regarded the cost of AMU cheaper than other disease management practices implemented on their farms. However, they also believed that even though these measures were more expensive, they would also lead to more effective disease prevention. A key recommendation from this finding would be for the veterinary authorities to implement long-term sustainable training programs aiming at reducing farmers' reliance on antimicrobials.

Project description:Raising chickens in small-scale flocks following all-in-all-out management is common in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. These flocks represent an intermediate category between backyard and intensive (industrial) farming systems. However, little is known about the occurrence and burden of disease and/or mortality in such flocks, and their potential association with antimicrobial usage (AMU). We investigated mortality, disease and weekly antimicrobial use (AMU) in 124 cycles of meat chicken flocks raised in 88 farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam (with a median cycle duration of 18 weeks [inter-quartile range IQR 17-20]). We visited each farm 4 times per cycle to review data collected weekly by the farmers on clinical signs, mortality, and AMU. The overall probability of disease and AMU were 0.31 (95% CI 0.29-0.32) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.24-0.28), respectively. The average weekly incidence of mortality was 2.6 (95% CI 2.2-3.0) per 100 birds. Both the probabilities of a flock experiencing disease and mortality, as well as of using antimicrobials decreased with the flock's age. However, mortality peaked at the 5-10 week period. The only significant explanatory factors associated with presence of disease was the stage of production ≥5 weeks (protective) (OR ≤ 0.51). Factors independently associated with AMU (p < 0.05) were: (1) Number of chickens (log) (OR=1.46), (2) Stage of production ≥5 weeks (OR≤0.67) (protective), (3) Cao Lanh district (OR=2.23), (4) Density of veterinary drug shops at commune level (log) (OR=1.58), and (5) Disease in flocks (OR=1.80). Factors independently associated with overall increased weekly incidence of mortality (p < 0.05) were: (1) High level of education attainment (secondary education or higher) (Hazard rate Ratio [HR]=1.70), (2) number of chickens (log) (HR=1.39), and (3) Stage of production >5 weeks (HR≤2.14). In flocks reporting disease, AMU significantly reduced the incidence of mortality (HR=0.90). These results confirm an exceptionally high mortality in chicken flocks in the area, jeopardizing the profitability and sustainability of these small-scale farming systems. The data also suggest an association between nearby access to antimicrobials and AMU, and a high correlation of AMU over consecutive cycles. The atomized farming landscape of the Mekong Delta, the high incidence of disease and mortality, and the unrestricted and easy access to antimicrobials present major challenges to the implementation of policies aimed at AMU reductions.

Project description:BACKGROUND:In the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, high quantities of products containing antimicrobial are used as prophylactic and curative treatments in small-scale chicken flocks. A large number of these contain antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) considered of 'critical importance' for human medicine according to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, little is known about the retail prices of these products and variables associated with the expense on antimicrobials at farm level. Therefore, the aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the retail price of antimicrobials with regards to WHO importance criteria; and (2) to quantify the antimicrobial expense incurred in raising chicken flocks. We investigated 102 randomly-selected small-scale farms raising meat chickens (100-2000 per flock cycle) in two districts in Dong Thap (Mekong Delta) over 203 flock production cycles raised in these farms. Farmers were asked to record the retail prices and amounts of antimicrobial used. RESULTS:A total of 214 different antimicrobial-containing products were identified. These contained 37 different AAIs belonging to 13 classes. Over half (60.3%) products contained 1 highest priority, critically important AAI, and 38.8% 1 high priority, critically important AAI. The average (farm-adjusted) retail price of a daily dose administered to a 1 kg bird across products was 0.40 cents of 1 US$ (₵) (SE ± 0.05). The most expensive products were those that included at least one high priority, critically important AAI, as well as those purchased in one of the two study districts. Farmers spent on average of ₵3.91 (SE ± 0.01) on antimicrobials per bird over the production cycle. The expense on antimicrobials in weeks with disease and low mortality was greater than on weeks with disease and high mortality, suggesting that antimicrobial use had a beneficial impact on disease outcomes (χ2 = 3.8; p = 0.052). Farmers generally used more expensive antimicrobials on older flocks. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION:The retail prices of antimicrobial products used in chicken production in Mekong Delta small-scale chicken farms are very low, and not related to their relevance for human medicine. Farmers, however, demonstrated a degree of sensitivity to prices of antimicrobial products. Therefore, revising pricing policies of antimicrobial products remains a potential option to curb the use of antimicrobials of critical importance in animal production.

Dataset Information

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Dataset Information

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i> from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.