Dataset Information

Risk perception of IQOS™ and cigarettes: Temporal and cross-country comparisons.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Risk perception (RP) is central to smokers' decision to switch to smoke-free tobacco and nicotine products (TNP). This study assessed temporal trends in the health RP of a novel heated tobacco product, IQOS ^TM , relative to cigarettes, among current IQOS ^TM users.

Methods

The analyses included repeated cross-sectional data from online surveys in Germany (2018-19), Italy (2018-19), and Japan (2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19) among a random sample of current adult IQOS ^TM users from local registers of IQOS ^TM users. The health RPs of cigarettes and IQOS ^TM were assessed using the ABOUT™-Perceived Risk instrument, and their difference was described as the relative RP of IQOS ^TM to cigarettes (RP_Cig: IQOS ^TM ).

Results

After adjustment for covariates, the relative RP_Cig: IQOS ^TM was higher in 2018 than in 2019 (0.93; standard error, 0.33; P = 0.005). This was driven by an increase in the RP of IQOS ^TM over time in Italy (2018: 42.6 [95% CI, 41.6-43.5]; 2019: 44.4 [43.4-45.4]) and Japan (2017: 44.0 [43.1-44.9); 2018: 45.9 [45.2-46.7]; 2019: 48.6 [47.9-49.4]), while the RP of cigarettes remained stable.

Conclusions

The relative RP of IQOS ^TM decreased over time, driven by an increase in the RP of IQOS ^TM , in agreement with epidemiological studies indicating a temporal reduction in the relative RP of smoke-free TNPs. Continued surveillance of the RP of novel TNPs is warranted to inform effective TNP risk communication and ensure that adults smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke understand the relative risks of novel TNPs.

SUBMITTER: AlMoosawi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9162949 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Risk perception of <i>IQOS™</i> and cigarettes: Temporal and cross-country comparisons.

AlMoosawi Suzana S Bajec Martha M Mainy Nelly N Kallischnigg Gerd G Zwisele Bertram B Fischer Karina K Magnani Pierpaolo P Roulet Steve S

SSM - population health 20220517

<h4>Background</h4>Risk perception (RP) is central to smokers' decision to switch to smoke-free tobacco and nicotine products (TNP). This study assessed temporal trends in the health RP of a novel heated tobacco product, <i>IQOS</i> <sup><i>TM</i></sup> , relative to cigarettes, among current <i>IQOS</i> <sup><i>TM</i></sup> users.<h4>Methods</h4>The analyses included repeated cross-sectional data from online surveys in Germany (2018-19), Italy (2018-19), and Japan (2016-17, 2017-18, and 2018-19 ...[more]

PMID: 35669892

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveTo examine how the United States compares in terms of health price growth relative to four other countries - Australia, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.Data sources and study settingSecondary data on health expenditure were extracted from international and national agencies spanning the years 2000-2020.Study designInternational price indices specific to health were constructed using available international expenditure data and compared to existing health-specific national and general international price indices.Data collection/extraction methodsHealth expenditure data were extracted from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) database. We obtained a time series of health price indices from the national agencies in each of the study countries.Principal findingsWe find meaningful variation across countries in the rate at which health prices grow relative to general prices. The United States had the highest cumulative health price growth compared to general price growth over the years 2000-2020 at 14%, followed by Canada and the Netherlands. Unlike the other study countries, health prices in France grew consistently in line with general prices. Price growth for health care paid for by public funds and households grew at different rates across countries, where price growth was higher for public payers. US households faced the greatest mean annual price growth.ConclusionsThe choice of price index has major implications for comparative analysis. Despite their widespread use internationally, general price indices likely underestimate the contribution of price growth to overall health expenditure growth. We find that in addition to its reputation for having high health price levels compared to other high-income countries, the United States also faces health price growth for goods and services paid for by government and households in excess of general price growth. Furthermore, US households are exposed to greater health price growth than households in comparator countries.

Project description:IntroductionReduced-risk nicotine products are more likely to replace smoking if they match cigarettes in nicotine delivery and user satisfaction.Aims and methodsWe examined the nicotine delivery profile and user ratings of IQOS heated tobacco system and compared it with own brand cigarettes (OBC), Juul, and refillable e-cigarettes (EC).Participants (N = 22) who were daily vapers smoking <1 cigarette per day on average, attended after overnight abstinence from smoking and vaping, to test at separate sessions OBC, IQOS, and Juul. Eight participants also tested two refillable EC using e-liquid with 20 mg/mL nicotine. At each session, a baseline blood sample was taken before participants used the product ad libitum for 5 minutes. Further samples were taken at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 30 minutes. Maximum nicotine concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), and nicotine delivered over 30 minutes (AUC0->30) were calculated. Participants rated their urge to smoke and product characteristics.ResultsIQOS delivered less nicotine than OBC (AUC0->30: z = -2.73, p = .006), and than Juul (AUC0->30: z = -3.08, p = .002; Cmax: z = -2.65, p = .008), and received less favorable ratings than Juul (effect on urges to smoke: z = -3.23, p = .001; speed of urge relief: z = -2.75, p = .006; recommendation to friends: z = -2.45, p = .014). Compared with refillable EC, IQOS delivered nicotine faster (Tmax: z = -2.37, p = .018), but received less favorable overall ratings (recommended to friends: z = -2.32, p = .021).ConclusionsIQOS' pharmacokinetic profile suggests that it may be less effective than Juul for smoking cessation, but at least as effective as refillable EC; although participants, who were experienced vapers rather than IQOS users, preferred refillable EC.ImplicationsBecause IQOS provided less efficient nicotine delivery than cigarettes and Juul in this sample, and also had a weaker effect on urges to smoke than Juul, it could be less helpful than Juul in assisting such dual users, and possibly smokers generally, to switch to an alternative product. IQOS, however, provided nicotine faster than refillable EC products, although participants preferred EC.

Project description:ObjectiveTo compare countries' health care needs by segmenting populations into a set of needs-based health states.Data sourcesWe used seven waves of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) panel survey data.Study designWe developed the Cross-Country Simple Segmentation Tool (CCSST), a validated clinician-administered instrument for categorizing older individuals by distinct, homogeneous health and related social service needs. Using clinical indicators, self-reported physician diagnosis of chronic disease, and performance-based tests conducted during the survey interview, individuals were assigned to 1-5 global impressions (GI) segments and assessed for having any of the four identifiable complicating factors (CFs). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of mortality by segment. First, we show the segmentation cross-sectionally to assess cross-country differences in the fraction of individuals with different levels of medical needs. Second, we compare the differences in the rate at which individuals transition between those levels and death.Data collection/extraction methodsWe segmented 270,208 observations (from Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland) from 96,396 individuals into GI and CF categories.Principal findingsThe CCSST is a valid tool for segmenting populations into needs-based states, showing Switzerland with the lowest fraction of individuals in high medical needs segments, followed by Denmark and Sweden, and Poland with the highest fraction, followed by Italy and Israel. Comparing hazard ratios of transitioning between health states may help identify country-specific areas for analysis of ecological and cultural risk factors.ConclusionsThe CCSST is an innovative tool for aggregate cross-country comparisons of both health needs and transitions between them. A cross-country comparison gives policy makers an effective means of comparing national health system performance and provides targeted guidance on how to identify strategies for curbing the rise of high-need, high-cost patients.