Dataset Information

Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.

ABSTRACT: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of Campylobacter isolates from 603 human patients were compared with 485 isolates from retail offal (primarily chicken and lamb) to identify temporal clusters and possible sources of campylobacteriosis. Detailed epidemiological information was collected from 364 of the patients, and when combined with genotyping data allowed a putative transmission pathway of campylobacteriosis to be assigned for 88% of patients. The sources of infection were 47% food, 28% direct animal contact, 7% overseas travel, 4% person-to-person transmission and 3% water-related. A significant summer increase in campylobacteriosis cases was primarily attributed to an increase in food-related cases. Genotyping of isolates was essential for identifying the likely cause of infection for individuals. However, a more rapid and cheaper typing tool for Campylobacter is needed, which if applied to human and animal isolates on a routine basis could advance greatly our understanding of the ongoing problem of Campylobacter infection in New Zealand.

SUBMITTER: Gilpin BJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9167653 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.

Gilpin B J BJ Walshe G G On S L SL Smith D D Marshall J C JC French N P NP

Epidemiology and infection 20120821 6

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of Campylobacter isolates from 603 human patients were compared with 485 isolates from retail offal (primarily chicken and lamb) to identify temporal clusters and possible sources of campylobacteriosis. Detailed epidemiological information was collected from 364 of the patients, and when combined with genotyping data allowed a putative transmission pathway of campylobacteriosis to be assigned for 88% of patients. The sources of infection were 47% food, ...[more]

PMID: 22906314

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Project description:BackgroundNorovirus (NoV) is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis across all age groups. In particular, variants of genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) have been associated with epidemics globally, occurring approximately every three years. The pandemic GII.4 variant, Sydney 2012, was first reported in early 2012 and soon became the predominant circulating NoV strain globally. Despite its broad impact, both clinically and economically, our understanding of the fundamental diversity and mechanisms by which new NoV strains emerge remains limited. In this study, we describe the molecular epidemiological trends of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis in Australia and New Zealand between January 2013 and June 2014.MethodologyOverall, 647 NoV-positive clinical faecal samples from 409 outbreaks and 238 unlinked cases of acute gastroenteritis were examined by RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was then performed to identify NoV capsid genotypes and to establish the temporal dominance of circulating pandemic GII.4 variants. Recombinant viruses were also identified based on analysis of the ORF1/2 overlapping region.FindingsPeaks in NoV activity were observed, however the timing of these epidemics varied between different regions. Overall, GII.4 NoVs were the dominant cause of both outbreaks and cases of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis (63.1%, n = 408/647), with Sydney 2012 being the most common GII.4 variant identified (98.8%, n = 403/408). Of the 409 reported NoV outbreaks, aged-care facilities were the most common setting in both Western Australia (87%, n = 20/23) and New Zealand (58.1%, n = 200/344) while most of the NoV outbreaks were reported from hospitals (38%, n = 16/42) in New South Wales, Australia. An analysis of a subset of non-GII.4 viruses from all locations (125/239) showed the majority (56.8%, n = 71/125) were inter-genotype recombinants. These recombinants were surprisingly diverse and could be classified into 18 distinct recombinant types, with GII.P16/GII.13 (24% of recombinants) the most common.ConclusionThis study revealed that following its emergence in 2012, GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant continued to be the predominant cause of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis in Australia and New Zealand between 2013 and 2014.

Dataset Information

Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.

Publications

Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.

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