Dataset Information

Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Sarcopenia is an age-related chronic condition that can lead to mobility disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incident sarcopenia in older Korean adults.

Methods

The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is a multicentre prospective study with a baseline examination in 2016-2017. A prospective follow-up study was conducted in 2018-2019. Changes in muscle-related variables were evaluated for subjects aged 70-84 years lacking sarcopenia at baseline. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 updated Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia consensus.

Results

Among the 1636 participants (54.4% women, age 75.9 ± 3.7) who did not have sarcopenia at baseline, 101 men (13.5%) and 104 women (11.7%) developed sarcopenia by the follow-up. Those who developed sarcopenia were older (men, 77.9 ± 3.9 vs. 75.7 ± 3.5, P < 0.001; women, 77.5 ± 4.0 vs. 75.5 ± 3.6, P < 0.001) with a lower body mass index at baseline (men, 23.9 ± 2.4 vs. 24.5 ± 2.9 kg/m² , P = 0.025; women, 23.7 ± 2.8 vs. 25.2 ± 2.9 kg/m² , P < 0.001) compared with older adults who remained nonsarcopenic; levels of glycated haemoglobin (men, 6.2 ± 1.0% vs. 5.9 ± 0.8%, P = 0.029) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (men, 2.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.022) were higher in men who progressed to sarcopenia but not in women. Development of sarcopenia was associated with older age and the frequency of resistance training (≥2 per week) after adjusting for potential risk factors in men [age, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.25; frequent resistance training, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.82]. In women, advanced age, poor nutritional status, and physical inactivity contributed to the development of sarcopenia (age, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.21; mini nutritional assessment short form, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.90; moderate to high physical activity, OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.95).

Conclusions

In this 2 year KFACS follow-up, modifiable risk factors for incident sarcopenia differed between genders. Resistance training (≥2 per week) helped to prevent sarcopenia in these community-dwelling older men. In older women, adequate nutritional support and being physically active might play a role in preventing progression to sarcopenia.

SUBMITTER: Choe HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9178155 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Choe Hun Jee HJ Cho Be Long BL Park Yong Soon YS Roh Eun E Kim Hyeon Ju HJ Lee Sam-Gyu SG Kim Bong Jo BJ Kim Miji M Won Chang Won CW Park Kyong Soo KS Jang Hak Chul HC

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle 20220401 3

<h4>Background</h4>Sarcopenia is an age-related chronic condition that can lead to mobility disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incident sarcopenia in older Korean adults.<h4>Methods</h4>The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is a multicentre prospective study with a baseline examination in 2016-2017. A prospective follow-up study was conducted in 2018-2019. Changes in muscle-related variables were evaluated for subjects aged 70-84 years lacking sarcopenia ...[more]

PMID: 35362671

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Project description:BackgroundThe objective of this investigation was to examine the frequency and determinants related to body composition of sarcopenia among aging individuals residing in the Beijing community through implementation of the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia outlined by the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS).MethodsA cross-sectional examination employing multistage cluster sampling was conducted on a sample consisting of 933 individuals aged 50 years or above. The study utilized the AWGS 2019 criteria for muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function to gauge sarcopenia. In addition, data on demographic characteristics, anthropometry, and body composition were collected. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to ascertain the relationships between sarcopenia and correlated factors.ResultsThe study found that the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.3%. Sex (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI p < 0.001) were determined to have a significant association with the occurrence of sarcopenia. The adjusted analyses demonstrated that with each standard deviation increase in fat-free mass index (OR = 0.02 (0.01-0.05), of 95%), skeletal muscle mass (OR = 0.17 (0.12-0.25), of 95%), and other body composition indicators (including total body water 0.26 (0.2-0.35), intracellular water 0.1 (0.06-0.17), protein 0.01 (0-0.02), soft lean mass 0.35 (0.28-0.44), BMI 0.58 (0.51-0.67), body cell mass 0.21 (0.15-0.29), OR < 0.60, of 95%), the risk of sarcopenia decreased by more than 40%. Certain straightforwardly accessible anthropometric indices such as upper arm circumference (correlation coefficient 0.94 (0.9-0.97), 0.97 (0.95-1), 1.01 (0.99-1.03), respectively, of 95%), waist circumference (0.94(0.92-0.96), 1.01 (0.99-1.03), 1.02 (1-1.03), of 95%), hip circumference (0.93 (0.9-0.96), 0.99 (0.97-1.02), 1.02 (1-1.04), of 95%), waist-to-hip ratio (0.93 (0.87-1), 1.04 (1-1.08), 1 (0.97-1.03), of 95%), body fat percentage (1 (0.98-1.02), 1.02(1-1.04), 1.01 (0.99-1.02), of 95%), and phase angle (0.91 (0.89-0.93), 0.96 (0.94-0.98), 0.99 (0.98-1), of 95%) exhibited substantial correlation with skeletal muscle index, muscle strength or physical performance. However, no noteworthy link between sarcopenia and most variables associated with physical function was discovered.ConclusionsThe findings of the study highlight the prevalence of sarcopenia among the aging residents of Beijing. Certain easily measured anthropometric indices demonstrated strong correlation with muscle strength or physical performance, thereby providing an avenue for screening and diagnosing sarcopenia in older people who may not be able to undergo grip strength or physical function assessments. To investigate causal relationships, future studies employing longitudinal or interventional designs with a more comprehensive population are warranted.

Project description:BackgroundThere is an increasingly strong association between sarcopenia and malnutrition in research findings. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) at risk of malnutrition based on Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 811 participants. Participants were recruited from the general population, community centers, senior activity centers, polyclinics, and hospital. Community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition participated in the study. Participants' data and measurements were collected at the baseline visit. Data included socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intakes, and functional assessments. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus.ResultsOf the 694 participants with complete datasets, overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 76% (n = 530); 57% (n = 393) had severe sarcopenia. In the overall cohort, compared to participants without sarcopenia, those with sarcopenia were older, had lower physical activity scale for the elderly score, leg strength, handgrip endurance, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and bone mass, and had lower dietary protein intake and poorer nutritional status (all p ≤ 0.015). After adjusting for confounders, sarcopenia was significantly associated with older age, male gender, higher risk of malnutrition, lower calf circumference, and lower bone mass (all p ≤ 0.044).ConclusionsIn community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition, there is a high prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. As such, screening positive for either malnutrition risk or sarcopenia in older adults should prompt screening for the other risk factor, to allow early institution of disease modifying interventions to forestall adverse outcomes for both malnutrition and sarcopenia.Trial registrationThe study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03245047 .

Project description:(1) Background: To review the associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. (2) Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and four Chinese electronic databases were searched for observational studies that reported the associated factors of sarcopenia from inception to August 2021. Two researchers independently selected the literature, evaluated their quality, and extracted relevant data. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each associated factors of sarcopenia using random-effects/fixed-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and the Eggers test. We performed statistical analysis using Stata 15.0 software. (3) Results: A total of 68 studies comprising 98,502 cases were included. Sociodemographic associated factors of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults included age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13), marital status (singled, divorced, or widowed) (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.08-2.28), disability for activities of daily living (ADL) (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.15-1.92), and underweight (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 2.55-5.60). Behavioral associated factors included smoking (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.21), physical inactivity (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.48-2.01), malnutrition/malnutrition risk (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.40-3.72), long (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.37-3.86) and short (OR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.86-5.93) sleeping time, and living alone (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.00-2.40). Disease-related associated factors included diabetes (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05-2.51), heart diseases (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30), respiratory diseases (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36), osteopenia/osteoporosis (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.63-4.57), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.23-1.44), depression (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17-1.83), falls (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14-1.44), anorexia (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14-1.96), and anemia (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.06-1.82). However, it remained unknown whether gender (female: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.80-1.51; male: OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.96-2.34), overweight/obesity (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.17-0.44), drinking (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.01), hypertension (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84-1.14), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.89-1.47), stroke (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.69-4.17), cancer (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.92), pain (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.98-1.20), liver disease (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.91), and kidney disease (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.19-33.30) were associated with sarcopenia. (4) Conclusions: There are many sociodemographic, behavioral, and disease-related associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Our view provides evidence for the early identification of high-risk individuals and the development of relevant interventions to prevent sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Project description:BackgroundSarcopenia is typically assessed through hand grip strength, walking speed, and chair stand tests. However, it has been inadequately examined in terms of other physical fitness (PF) components in community-dwelling older adults. Thus, in this study, we explored factors influencing the risk of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. In addition, we analyzed the clinicodemographic characteristics of older adults with or without sarcopenia and investigated the effect of sex on their PF.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 745 older adults from a community health promotion program in Taiwan. Their clinicodemographic characteristics were recorded. PF was assessed through various tests, such as hand grip strength evaluation, 8-foot up-and-go test (8-UGT), 2-min step test, and 6-m walk test. PF and factors influencing sarcopenia risk were compared between older adults with sarcopenia (sarcopenia group) and those without it (nonsarcopenia group). A logistic regression model was performed to identify key factors associated with sarcopenia. Its predictive performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve.ResultsRegardless of sex, the sarcopenia group performed worse in almost all components of PF-for example, upper and lower limb muscular strength and endurance, cardiopulmonary fitness, and balance-than did the nonsarcopenia group. However, for men, no significant between-group difference was observed in flexibility. The logistic regression model indicated age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.107), sex (OR: 2.881), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form scores (OR: 0.690), and performance in 8-UGT (OR: 1.346) as factors influencing the risk of sarcopenia. The model exhibited excellent discriminative ability in predicting sarcopenia, as indicated by an area under the curve value of 0.867 (95% confidence interval: 0.827-0.906; p < 0.05).ConclusionOlder adults without sarcopenia tend to outperform those with sarcopenia in almost all PF measures, regardless of sex. Older age, male sex, low Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form scores, and poor performance in 8-UGT are associated with a high risk of sarcopenia.

Dataset Information

Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

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