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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells.

ABSTRACT: The sex hormones of estrogen and progesterone (P₄) play a vital role in mammary gland development and milk lactation in ruminants. The tight junction (TJ) between adjacent secretory epithelial cells is instrumental in establishing the mammary blood-milk barrier. However, whether estrogen and P₄ exert their effect on mammary function via regulating TJ remain unclear. Here, to clarify the role of 17-β estradiol (E₂) and P₄ in the regulation of TJ in goat mammary gland, we first explored the relationships between the concentrations of E₂, P₄, and the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 during the mammary gland development in goat. Then, we further explored the mRNA and protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1 in the goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) in vitro under different concentrations of E₂ and P₄. The results demonstrated that the protein expression of claudin-1 decreased, but occludin and ZO-1 increased with the decline in E₂ and P₄ during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. In the in vitro studies, E₂ exerted a positive effect on the mRNA expression of claudin-1, and accelerated the proteins' expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 in GMECs; P₄ upregulated the mRNA expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, occludin, and ZO-1, and also improved the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and ZO-1 in the GMECs. The results demonstrated that E₂ and P₄ play an important role in regulating the expression of the mammary TJ components, which may ultimately affect the mammary gland development and milk lactation.

SUBMITTER: Zhu H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9179430 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Zhu Hongmei H Jia Qianqian Q Zhang Yanyan Y Liu Dongming D Yang Diqi D Han Li L Chen Jianguo J Ding Yi Y

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20220530 11

The sex hormones of estrogen and progesterone (P4) play a vital role in mammary gland development and milk lactation in ruminants. The tight junction (TJ) between adjacent secretory epithelial cells is instrumental in establishing the mammary blood-milk barrier. However, whether estrogen and P4 exert their effect on mammary function via regulating TJ remain unclear. Here, to clarify the role of 17-β estradiol (E2) and P4 in the regulation of TJ in goat ...[more]

PMID: 35681868

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Project description:Background Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning, specifically diarrhea and vomiting. B. cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk, as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization. Therefore, B. cereus can enter the market through pasteurized milk and other dairy products, imposing enormous hidden dangers on food safety and human health. Results In this study, B. cereus 2101 (BC) was isolated from milk samples of cows with mastitis. BC grew rapidly with strong hemolysis, making it difficult to prevent mastitis and ensure food security. MAC-T cells were treated with BC and/or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1). Pretreatment with LGR-1 protected the integrity of tight junctions and the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin destroyed by BC. Furthermore, LGR-1 pretreatment reduced the expression of NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase recruitment and activation domain (ASC), Caspase-1 p20, gasdermin D (GSDMD) p30, inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18), and cell death induced by BC. Moreover, LGR-1 pretreatment reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased expressions of ZO-1 and occludin induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) + ATP stimulation. MAC-T cells were transfected with NLRP3 siRNA or MCC950 and/or treated with BC and/or LGR-1. NLRP3-siRNA transfection and MCC950 attenuated BC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell death suggested that the inflammatory pathway might play an important role in the induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome by BC and the protection of LGR-1. Conclusions These results suggest that LGR-1 might be a probiotic alternative to antibiotics and could be administered to prevent mastitis in dairy cows, thus ensuring food security. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00752-w.

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Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Publications

Regulation of Tight Junctions by Sex Hormones in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells.

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