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Impedimetric detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using surface-functionalized halloysite nanotubes† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02482a

ABSTRACT: Herein, we report the application of amine-surface-functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HAs) as active materials for the quantitative detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The findings indicated that HA could selectively capture TNT via a strong reaction between the amine groups on its surface and the TNT molecules. Plate electrodes were fabricated from HA to evaluate its TNT-sensing capacity by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Upon binding with TNT, the proton conductivity on the HA plate electrodes increased linearly with the TNT concentration from 1.0 × 10−11 M to 1.0 × 10−4 M. The HA plate electrodes exhibited good sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.05 × 10−12 M. Subsequently, the cycling measurements of the TNT binding/removal were performed on the HA plate electrode, and the material exhibited high stability, good regenerative ability, and good reversibility without a significant decrease in efficiency. The present work highlights the significant application potential of HAs for the electrochemical detection of TNT. Amine-surface-functionalized halloysite nanotubes are used for electrochemical sensing TNT.

SUBMITTER: Pattaweepaiboon S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9201510 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The illegal use of explosives by terrorists and other criminals is an increasing issue in public spaces, such as airports, railway stations, highways, sports venues, theaters, and other large buildings. Security in these environments can be achieved by different means, including the installation of scanners and other analytical devices to detect ultra-small traces of explosives in a very short time-frame to be able to take action as early as possible to prevent the detonation of such devices. Unfortunately, an ideal explosive detection system still does not exist, which means that a compromise is needed in practice. Most detection devices lack the extreme analytical sensitivity, which is nevertheless necessary due to the low vapor pressure of nearly all explosives. In addition, the rate of false positives needs to be virtually zero, which is also very difficult to achieve. Here we present an immunosensor system based on kinetic competition, which is known to be very fast and may even overcome affinity limitation, which impairs the performance of many traditional competitive assays. This immunosensor consists of a monolithic glass column with a vast excess of immobilized hapten, which traps the fluorescently labeled antibody as long as no explosive is present. In the case of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), some binding sites of the antibody will be blocked, which leads to an immediate breakthrough of the labeled protein, detectable by highly sensitive laser-induced fluorescence with the help of a Peltier-cooled complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. Liquid handling is performed with high-precision syringe pumps and chip-based mixing-devices and flow-cells. The system achieved limits of detection of 1 pM (1 ppt) of the fluorescent label and around 100 pM (20 ppt) of TNT. The total assay time is less than 8 min. A cross-reactivity test with 5000 pM solutions showed no signal by pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). This immunosensor belongs to the most sensitive and fastest detectors for TNT with no significant cross-reactivity by non-related compounds. The consumption of the labeled antibody is surprisingly low: 1 mg of the reagent would be sufficient for more than one year of continuous biosensor operation.

Dataset Information

Impedimetric detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using surface-functionalized halloysite nanotubes† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02482a

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