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Comparison of Waning Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against the Omicron Variant 6 Months After Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection (With/Without subsequent COVID-19 Vaccination) Versus 2-dose COVID-19 Vaccination.

ABSTRACT: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced similar neutralizing antibody levels against the original strain but significantly higher levels against the Omicron variant compared to those who were not vaccinated. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher neutralization antibody titers than vaccination alone for both original strains and the Omicron variant.

SUBMITTER: Lim SY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9214150 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparison of Waning Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against the Omicron Variant 6 Months After Natural Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (With or Without Subsequent Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] Vaccination) Versus 2-Dose COVID-19 Vaccination.

Lim So Yun SY Park Soonju S Kim Ji Yeun JY Kim Seungtaek S Jee Youngmee Y Kim Sung-Han SH

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20221201 12

Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, subsequent ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced similar neutralizing antibody levels against the original strain but significantly higher levels against the Omicron variant compared to those who were not vaccinated. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher neutralization antibody titers than vaccination alone for both original strains and the Omicron variant. ...[more]

PMID: 35686300

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No correlation of neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron variant after a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines with subsequent breakthrough Omicron infections among healthcare workers.

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Waning of IgG, Total and Neutralizing Antibodies 6 Months Post-Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Healthcare Workers.

Project description:Data about the long-term duration of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still scarce and are important to design vaccination strategies. In this study, 231 healthcare professionals received the two-dose regimen of BNT162b2. Of these, 158 were seronegative and 73 were seropositive at baseline. Samples were collected at several time points. The neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and antibodies against the nucleocapsid and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were measured. At day 180, a significant antibody decline was observed in seronegative (-55.4% with total antibody assay; -89.6% with IgG assay) and seropositive individuals (-74.8% with total antibody assay; -79.4% with IgG assay). The estimated half-life of IgG from the peak humoral response was 21 days (95% CI: 13-65) in seronegative and 53 days (95% CI: 40-79) in seropositive individuals. The estimated half-life of total antibodies was longer and ranged from 68 days (95% CI: 54-90) to 114 days (95% CI: 87-167) in seropositive and seronegative individuals, respectively. The decline of NAbs was more pronounced (-98.6%) and around 45% of the subjects tested were negative at day 180. Whether this decrease correlates with an equivalent drop in the clinical effectiveness against the virus would require appropriate clinical studies.

| S-EPMC8540417 | biostudies-literature

Neutralizing antibody titers to Omicron six months after vaccination with BNT162b2 in Colombia.

Project description:The emergence of the Omicron variant has generated concerns about the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. We evaluated the serum neutralizing activity of antibodies against the Omicron (lineage BA.1.1) by plaque reduction neutralizing test, as well as its correlation with age and gender, in a Colombian cohort six months after being vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech). Compared to all other variants analyzed, a significantly lower neutralizing activity (p<0.001) was observed against Omicron. Interestingly, older individuals exhibited lower titers against Omicron than those younger than 40. No statistical differences in neutralizing activity were observed according to gender. Our results showed that two doses of BNT162b2 might not provide robust protection against the Omicron variant over time. It is necessary to consider including changes in the composition of the vaccines to protect against new emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and campaigns to implement additional booster vaccinations.

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mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Project description:Recent surveillance has revealed the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1/B.1.1.529) harboring up to 36 mutations in spike protein, the target of neutralizing antibodies. Given its potential to escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity, we measured the neutralization potency of sera from 88 mRNA-1273, 111 BNT162b, and 40 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. We included individuals that received their primary series recently (<3 months), distantly (6-12 months), or an additional "booster" dose, while accounting for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remarkably, neutralization of Omicron was undetectable in most vaccinees. However, individuals boosted with mRNA vaccines exhibited potent neutralization of Omicron, only 4-6-fold lower than wild type, suggesting enhanced cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibody responses. In addition, we find that Omicron pseudovirus infects more efficiently than other variants tested. Overall, this study highlights the importance of additional mRNA doses to broaden neutralizing antibody responses against highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Project description:Recent surveillance has revealed the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.1/B.1.1.529) harboring up to 36 mutations in spike protein, the target of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. Given its potential to escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity, we measured neutralization potency of sera from 88 mRNA-1273, 111 BNT162b, and 40 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine recipients against wild type, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. We included individuals that were vaccinated recently (<3 months), distantly (6-12 months), or recently boosted, and accounted for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Remarkably, neutralization of Omicron was undetectable in most vaccinated individuals. However, individuals boosted with mRNA vaccines exhibited potent neutralization of Omicron only 4-6-fold lower than wild type, suggesting that boosters enhance the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibody responses. In addition, we find Omicron pseudovirus is more infectious than any other variant tested. Overall, this study highlights the importance of boosters to broaden neutralizing antibody responses against highly divergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.

| S-EPMC8687472 | biostudies-literature

mRNA vaccination in octogenarian nuns 15 and 20 months after recovery from COVID-19 elicits robust immune and antibody responses that include Omicron

Project description:Knowledge about the impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection of the elderly on mRNA vaccination response is needed to appropriately address the demand for additional vaccinations in this vulnerable population. Here we show that octogenarians, a high-risk population, mount a sustained SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibody response for 15 months following infection. This response boosts antibody levels 35-fold upon receiving a single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 15 months after recovery from COVID-19. In contrast, antibody responses in naïve individuals boost only 6-fold after a second vaccine. Spike-specific ACE2 antibody binding responses in the previously infected octogenarians following two vaccine doses exceed those found in a naïve cohort after two doses. RNA-seq demonstrates activation of interferon-induced genetic programs, which persist only in the previously infected. A preferential increase of specific IGHV clonal transcripts that are the basis of neutralizing antibodies is observed only in the previously infected nuns.

2022-03-09 | GSE190747 | GEO

Booster COVID-19 vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A systematic review.

Project description:There is a wealth of data suggesting that the effectiveness of existing vaccines against the Omicron variant, the most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant to date, has been substantially reduced if only primary vaccination is administered. Therefore, the effectiveness of booster vaccination against the Omicron variant has become a topic of current interest. We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to collect various pseudovirus neutralization tests or live virus neutralization tests for the Omicron variant, with serum specimens from booster vaccinees. We extracted neutralization titers for the Omicron variant, the original strain, and the other variants before and after booster vaccination, and then manually calculated the fold increase or decrease in neutralization titers for the Omicron variant relative to the other variants, and the fold increase in neutralization titers for the Omicron variant after booster vaccination compared with that before booster vaccination. In the two-dose vaccination regimen, the neutralization titers against the Omicron variant decreased substantially compared to the original strain and other variants. However, after booster vaccination, both homologous and heterologous booster vaccination, the neutralization of serum antibodies against the Omicron variant was significantly improved, although still lower than that of the original strain and other variants. The booster vaccination program based on existing vaccines can produce broad but incomplete immunity against the Omicron variant.

| S-EPMC9897643 | biostudies-literature

Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination.

Project description:SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron are globally relevant variants of concern. Although individuals infected with Delta are at risk of developing severe lung disease, infection with Omicron often causes milder symptoms, especially in vaccinated individuals1,2. The question arises of whether widespread Omicron infections could lead to future cross-variant protection, accelerating the end of the pandemic. Here we show that without vaccination, infection with Omicron induces a limited humoral immune response in mice and humans. Sera from mice overexpressing the human ACE2 receptor and infected with Omicron neutralize only Omicron, but not other variants of concern, whereas broader cross-variant neutralization was observed after WA1 and Delta infections. Unlike WA1 and Delta, Omicron replicates to low levels in the lungs and brains of infected animals, leading to mild disease with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and diminished activation of lung-resident T cells. Sera from individuals who were unvaccinated and infected with Omicron show the same limited neutralization of only Omicron itself. By contrast, Omicron breakthrough infections induce overall higher neutralization titres against all variants of concern. Our results demonstrate that Omicron infection enhances pre-existing immunity elicited by vaccines but, on its own, may not confer broad protection against non-Omicron variants in unvaccinated individuals.

| S-EPMC9279157 | biostudies-literature

Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months.

Project description:BackgroundDespite high vaccine coverage and effectiveness, the incidence of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been increasing in Israel. Whether the increasing incidence of infection is due to waning immunity after the receipt of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a 6-month longitudinal prospective study involving vaccinated health care workers who were tested monthly for the presence of anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies. Linear mixed models were used to assess the dynamics of antibody levels and to determine predictors of antibody levels at 6 months.ResultsThe study included 4868 participants, with 3808 being included in the linear mixed-model analyses. The level of IgG antibodies decreased at a consistent rate, whereas the neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly for the first 3 months with a relatively slow decrease thereafter. Although IgG antibody levels were highly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers (Spearman's rank correlation between 0.68 and 0.75), the regression relationship between the IgG and neutralizing antibody levels depended on the time since receipt of the second vaccine dose. Six months after receipt of the second dose, neutralizing antibody titers were substantially lower among men than among women (ratio of means, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.75), lower among persons 65 years of age or older than among those 18 to less than 45 years of age (ratio of means, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.70), and lower among participants with immunosuppression than among those without immunosuppression (ratio of means, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.46).ConclusionsSix months after receipt of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, humoral response was substantially decreased, especially among men, among persons 65 years of age or older, and among persons with immunosuppression.

| S-EPMC8522797 | biostudies-literature

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