Expression of Bacillus subtilis ABCF antibiotic resistance factor VmlR is regulated by RNA polymerase pausing, transcription attenuation, translation attenuation and (p)ppGpp.

ABSTRACT: Since antibiotic resistance is often associated with a fitness cost, bacteria employ multi-layered regulatory mechanisms to ensure that expression of resistance factors is restricted to times of antibiotic challenge. In Bacillus subtilis, the chromosomally-encoded ABCF ATPase VmlR confers resistance to pleuromutilin, lincosamide and type A streptogramin translation inhibitors. Here we show that vmlR expression is regulated by translation attenuation and transcription attenuation mechanisms. Antibiotic-induced ribosome stalling during translation of an upstream open reading frame in the vmlR leader region prevents formation of an anti-antiterminator structure, leading to the formation of an antiterminator structure that prevents intrinsic termination. Thus, transcription in the presence of

SUBMITTER: Takada H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9226507 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature