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Studies on the Importance of the 7α-, and 12α- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

ABSTRACT: Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a natural germination inhibitor for C. difficile spores. In our previous study (J. Med. Chem., 2018, 61, 6759-6778), we identified N-phenyl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amide as an inhibitor of C. difficile strain R20291 with an IC₅₀ of 1.8 μM. Studies of bile salts on spore germination have shown that chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate and lithocholate are more potent inhibitors of germination compared to cholate. Given this, we created amide analogs of chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids using amines identified from our previous studies. We found that chenodeoxy- and deoxycholate derivatives were active with potencies equivalent to those for cholanamides. This indicates that only 2 out of the 3 hydroxyl groups are needed for activity and that the alpha stereochemistry at position 7 is required for inhibition of spore germination.

SUBMITTER: Sharma SK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9236192 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Studies on the Importance of the 7α-, and 12α- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

Sharma Shiv K SK Yip Christopher C Simon Matthew P MP Phan Jacqueline J Abel-Santos Ernesto E Firestine Steven M SM

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 20211110

Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a natural germination inhibitor for C. difficile spores. In our previous study (J. Med. Chem., 2018, 61, 6759-6778), we identified N-phenyl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amide as an inhibitor of C. difficile strain R20291 with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 1.8 μM. Studies of bile salts on spore germination have shown that chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate and lithocholate are more potent inhibitors of germination compared to cholate. Given this, we created amide ana ...[more]

PMID: 34837818

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Project description:Bile acids are important cholesterol-derived nutrient signaling hormones, synthesized in the liver, that act as detergents to solubilize dietary lipids. Bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating gut bacteria generate the toxic bile acids deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid from host bile acids. The ability of these bacteria to remove the 7-hydroxyl group is partially dependent on 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH) activity, which reduces 7-oxo-bile acids generated by other gut bacteria. 3α-HSDH has an important enzymatic activity in the bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation pathway. 12α-HSDH activity has been reported for the low-activity bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacterium Clostridium leptum; however, this activity has not been reported for high-activity bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria, such as Clostridium scindens, Clostridium hylemonae, and Clostridium hiranonis Here, we demonstrate that these strains express bile acid 12α-HSDH. The recombinant enzymes were characterized from each species and shown to preferentially reduce 12-oxolithocholic acid to deoxycholic acid, with low activity against 12-oxochenodeoxycholic acid and reduced activity when bile acids were conjugated to taurine or glycine. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that 12α-HSDH is widespread among Firmicutes, Actinobacteria in the Coriobacteriaceae family, and human gut ArchaeaIMPORTANCE 12α-HSDH activity has been established in the medically important bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria C. scindens, C. hiranonis, and C. hylemonae Experiments with recombinant 12α-HSDHs from these strains are consistent with culture-based experiments that show a robust preference for 12-oxolithocholic acid over 12-oxochenodeoxycholic acid. Phylogenetic analysis identified novel members of the gut microbiome encoding 12α-HSDH. Future reengineering of 12α-HSDH enzymes to preferentially oxidize cholic acid may provide a means to industrially produce the therapeutic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid. In addition, a cholic acid-specific 12α-HSDH expressed in the gut may be useful for the reduction in deoxycholic acid concentration, a bile acid implicated in cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Dataset Information

Studies on the Importance of the 7α-, and 12α- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

Publications

Studies on the Importance of the 7α-, and 12α- hydroxyl groups of N-Aryl-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amides on their Antigermination Activity Against a Hypervirulent Strain of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

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