Adenosine A_2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non-xanthines.

ABSTRACT: A long evolution of knowledge of the psychostimulant caffeine led in the 1960s to another purine natural product, adenosine and its A_2A receptor. Adenosine is a short-lived autocrine/paracrine mediator that acts pharmacologically at four different adenosine receptors in a manner opposite to the pan-antagonist caffeine and serves as an endogenous allostatic regulator. Although detrimental in the developing brain, caffeine appears to be cerebroprotective in aging. Moderate caffeine consumption in adults, except in pregnancy, may also provide benefit in pain, diabetes, and kidney and liver disorders. Inhibition of A_2A receptors is one of caffeine's principal effects and we now understand this interaction at the atomic level. The A_2A receptor has become a proto

SUBMITTER: Jacobson KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9251831 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature