Dataset Information

Immunomodulatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

ABSTRACT: Ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), a fundamental saponin produced and isolated from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), has a wide range of biological actions. The objective of this investigation was to see if ginsenoside Rb2 has any immunomodulatory properties against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression. For the positive control group, levamisole hydrochloride (LD) was used. We discovered that intraperitoneal injection of Rb2 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression by enhanced immune organ index, reduced the pathological characteristics of immunosuppression, promoted natural killer (NK) cells viability, improved cell-mediated immune response, boosted the IFN-γ (Interferon-gamma), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-2 (Interleukin-2), and IgG (Immunoglobulin G), as well as macrophage activity like carbon clearance and phagocytic index. Rb2 significantly elevated the mRNA expression of IL-4 (Interleukin-4), SYK (Tyrosine-protein kinase-SYK), IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) in the spleen of CTX-injected animals. Molecular docking results showed that Rb2 had excellent binding properties with IL-4, SYK, IL-2, TNF, and IL-6, indicating the target protein might be strongly correlated with the immunomodulatory effect of Rb2. Taken together, ginsenoside Rb2 can improve the immune function that is declined in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, the efficacy maybe due to the regulation of related cytokine and mRNA expression.

SUBMITTER: Zheng S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9263391 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

Zheng Siwen S Zheng Housheng H Zhang Rui R Piao Xiangmin X Hu Junnan J Zhu Yanzhu Y Wang Yingping Y

Frontiers in pharmacology 20220624

Ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), a fundamental saponin produced and isolated from ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer), has a wide range of biological actions. The objective of this investigation was to see if ginsenoside Rb2 has any immunomodulatory properties against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression. For the positive control group, levamisole hydrochloride (LD) was used. We discovered that intraperitoneal injection of Rb2 (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) could relieve CTX-induced immunosuppression ...[more]

PMID: 35814238

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Project description:Immune responses must be strictly regulated to prevent autoimmune and infectious diseases and to protect against infectious agents. As people age, their immunity wanes, leading to a decrease in lymphocyte production in bone marrow and thymus and a decline in the efficacy of mature lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs. This study explores the immune-boosting potential of Yookgong-dan (YGD) in enhancing the immune system by activating immune cells. In our in vitro experiments, cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment led to a significant decrease in primary splenocyte viability. However, subsequent treatment with YGD significantly improved cell viability, with doses ranging between 1 and 25 μg/mL in Cy-treated splenocytes. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the Cy group exhibited reduced positivity of CD3+ T cells and CD45+ leukocytes compared to the blank group. In contrast, treatment with YGD led to a notable, dose-responsive increase in these immune cell types. In our in vivo experiments, YGD was orally administered to Cy-induced immunosuppressed mice at 20 and 100 mg/kg doses for 10 days. The results indicated a dose-dependent elevation in immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in the serum, emphasizing the immunostimulatory effect of YGD. Furthermore, the Cy-treated group showed decreased T cells, B (CD19+) cells, and leukocytes in the total splenocyte population. Yet, YGD treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reversal of this pattern, suggesting its ability to counter immunosuppression. Notably, YGD was found to effectively stimulate T (CD4+ and CD8+) lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cells, along with enhancing Th1/Th2 cytokines in immunosuppressed conditions. These outcomes correlated with the modulation of BCL-2 and BAX expression, which are critical for apoptosis. In conclusion, YGD has the potential to bolster immune functionality through the activation of immune cells, thereby enhancing the immune system's capacity to combat diseases and improve overall health and wellness.

Project description:Cyclophosphamide (CPAm) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that exhibits potent anti-cancer properties but is often associated with debilitating side effects. Despite its efficacy, the management of CPAm-induced toxicities remains a significant clinical challenge. There has been growing interest in exploring complementary and alternative therapies to mitigate these adverse effects in recent years, and this may be a chance for the earthworm-derived preparation, Venetin 1. Its rich composition of bioactive compounds has demonstrated promising pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. These properties suggest its potential to counteract the various systemic toxicities induced by CP. To investigate the effect of Venetin 1 on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity, we conducted a comprehensive study. Mice were administered CPAm for four days, followed by the earthworm preparation in two doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.w). Importantly, the preparation did not cause any side effects in all mice, ensuring the safety of the intervention. We then determined global changes in the proteome using proteomics and quantitative SWATH-MS analysis, a robust and reliable method. This allowed us to identify up- and downregulated proteins in each studied group, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of action of Venetin 1. According to the obtained results, Venetin 1 significantly affected the proteome of mouse lung tissue. It was possible to determine quantitative changes for 400 proteins, and the analysis after administration of Venetin 1 showed a change in the global proteomic profile from upregulated to down-regulated. The stimulating properties of the preparation concerning the complement system have also been confirmed in a separate validation experiment. It has been shown that Venetin 1 has the potential to eliminate the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide in lung tissue. It also initiates regenerative processes, inhibits inflammatory processes, supports autophagy and stimulates the immune system. Further research is required to understand and to fully describe the effects of Venetin 1 .

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Dataset Information

Immunomodulatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

Publications

Immunomodulatory Effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

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