Dataset Information

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

ABSTRACT: Since previous meta-analyses, which were limited only to depression and by a small number of studies available for inclusion at the time of publication, several additional studies have been published assessing the link between ultra-processed food consumption and depression as well as other mental disorders. We aimed to build on previously conducted reviews to synthesise and meta-analyse the contemporary evidence base and clarify the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed food and mental disorders. A total of 17 observational studies were included (n = 385,541); 15 cross-sectional and 2 prospective. Greater ultra-processed food consumption was cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, both when these outcomes were assessed together (common mental disorder symptoms odds ratio: 1.53, 95%CI 1.43 to 1.63) as well as separately (depressive symptoms odds ratio: 1.44, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.82; and, anxiety symptoms odds ratio: 1.48, 95%CI 1.37 to 1.59). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of prospective studies demonstrated that greater ultra-processed food intake was associated with increased risk of subsequent depression (hazard ratio: 1.22, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.28). While we found evidence for associations between ultra-processed food consumption and adverse mental health, further rigorously designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to better understand causal pathways.

SUBMITTER: Lane MM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9268228 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Lane Melissa M MM Gamage Elizabeth E Travica Nikolaj N Dissanayaka Thusharika T Ashtree Deborah N DN Gauci Sarah S Lotfaliany Mojtaba M O'Neil Adrienne A Jacka Felice N FN Marx Wolfgang W

Nutrients 20220621 13

Since previous meta-analyses, which were limited only to depression and by a small number of studies available for inclusion at the time of publication, several additional studies have been published assessing the link between ultra-processed food consumption and depression as well as other mental disorders. We aimed to build on previously conducted reviews to synthesise and meta-analyse the contemporary evidence base and clarify the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed food a ...[more]

PMID: 35807749

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough higher consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has been linked to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the results remain controversial. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to clarify the relationship between UPF consumption defined by the NOVA framework and risk of MetS.MethodsAn extensive literature search on PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases was conducted to search for the relevant articles published priori to January 2023, and newly published articles between January 2023 and March 2023 were re-searched. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were adopted to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The between-study heterogeneity was explored using the Cochran's Q test and I-square (I2). Publication bias was investigated using the visual inspection of asymmetry in funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests.ResultsNine studies (six cross-sectional and three prospective cohort studies) totaling 23,500 participants with 6,192 MetS cases were included in the final analysis. The pooled effect size for the highest vs. lowest categories of UPF consumption indicated a positive association with the risk of MetS (RR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.09-1.42, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between consumption of UPF and MetS risk in cross-sectional studies (RR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.16-1.87, P = 0.002), and no significant association in cohort studies (RR: 1.10, 95%CI: 0.96-1.27, P = 0.104), respectively. In addition, a more significant association between UPF consumption and increased risk of MetS was found in the subgroups of study quality <7 (RR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.28-3.84, P = 0.004) than study quality ≥7 (RR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.06-1.36, P = 0.005). Similarly, when we performed analyses separately by sample size, there was a significant association between UPF consumption and MetS risk in sample size ≥5,000 (RR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.11-1.27, P < 0.0001), and in sample size <5,000 (RR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.08-1.90, P = 0.013), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the effect of UPF consumption on MetS.

Project description:Background and aimsThere is an ongoing debate on whether to advocate reducing ultra-processed food (UPF) in dietary guidelines to control metabolic disease (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]). We aimed to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews with meta-analyses between UPF consumption and metabolic diseases risk, assess the credibility, and verify the robustness of these associations.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 15, 2023, to identify relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We used the random-effects model to evaluate the summary effect size, along with 95% confidence interval and prediction interval. We also assessed heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects and excess significance bias, and categorized the credibility of each association based on quantitative umbrella review criteria. Additionally, we conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of associations based on continents, study design, dietary assessment methods, definition methods of UPF, population, and units of UPF consumption.ResultsOverall, 6 systematic reviews with 13 meta-analyses were included. Three (23.08%) meta-analyses were classified as highly suggestive evidence for meeting the criteria that associations were significant at p < 10-6, had more than 1,000 cases, and presented the largest study with significance at p < 0.05. Among them, the highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.36-1.77) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile. The highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile, and a 10% increase in UPF consumption (% g/d) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13). Meanwhile, the robustness of these associations was verified by a series of subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionUPF consumption may be a risk factor for several metabolic diseases. However, well-designed studies are still needed to verify our findings in the future.

Project description:Ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is associated with increased non-communicable disease risks. However, systematic reports on sociodemographic predictors of UPF intake are lacking. This review aimed to understand UPF consumption based on sociodemographic factors, using nationally representative cohorts. The systematic review was pre-registered (PROSPERO:CRD42022360199), following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE searches (‘ultra-processed/ultraprocessed’ and ‘ultra-processing/ultraprocessing’) until 7 September 2022 retrieved 1131 results. Inclusion criteria included: observational, nationally representative adult samples, in English, in peer-reviewed journals, assessing the association between sociodemographics and individual-level UPF intake defined by the NOVA classification. Exclusion criteria included: not nationally representative, no assessment of sociodemographics and individual-level UPF intake defined by NOVA. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Fifty-five papers were included, spanning thirty-two countries. All thirteen sociodemographic variables identified were significantly associated with UPF intake in one or more studies. Significant differences in UPF intake were seen across age, race/ethnicity, rural/urbanisation, food insecurity, income and region, with up to 10–20% differences in UPF intake (% total energy). Higher UPF intakes were associated with younger age, urbanisation and being unmarried, single, separated or divorced. Education, income and socioeconomic status showed varying associations, depending on country. Multivariate analyses indicated that associations were independent of other sociodemographics. Household status and gender were generally not associated with UPF intake. NOS averaged 5·7/10. Several characteristics are independently associated with high UPF intake, indicating large sociodemographic variation in non-communicable disease risk. These findings highlight significant public health inequalities associated with UPF intake, and the urgent need for policy action to minimise social injustice-related health inequalities.

Project description:BackgroundUltra-processed food (UPF) consumption continues to increase worldwide. However, evidences from meta-analyses are limited regarding the effects on cardiovascular events (CVEs).MethodsA meta-analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship of UPF consumption and CVEs risk (including the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular causes, and myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, coronary intervention). Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for observational studies published in English language up to October 24, 2023. Generalized least squares regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the linear/nonlinear relationship. PROSPERO CRD 42023391122.FindingsTwenty studies with 1,101,073 participants and 58,201 CVEs cases with a median follow-up of 12.2 years were included. A positive linear relationship between UPF intake and CVEs risk was identified. In addition, positive correlation between coronary heart disease and UPF consumption in terms of daily serving and daily energy proportion. No significant association of UPF consumption with the risk of cerebrovascular disease was observed. Briefly, 10% increase of UPF by daily weight proportion was associated with a 1.9% increase of CVEs risk (RR = 1.019; 95% CI, 1.007-1.031; P = 0.002), an additional daily serving corresponding to 2.2% CVEs risk increase (RR = 1.022; 95% CI, 1.013-1.031; P < 0.001), and 10% increase by daily energy proportion corresponding to 1.6% CVEs risk increase (RR = 1.016; 95% CI, 1.002-1.030; P = 0.022).InterpretationUPF consumption were associated with a higher risk of CVEs in the positive linear relationship. Our findings highlight the importance of minimizing UPF consumption for cardiovascular health and might be help to pursue public health policies in control of UPF consumption.FundingThis work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-ZDLSF-22), the Innovative Talent Support Program of Shaanxi Province (2022KJXX-106), and the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2023-YBSF-424).

Dataset Information

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Publications

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

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