Dataset Information

Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

ABSTRACT: Over the last decade, technological advancements have been made available and applied in a wide range of applications in several work fields, ranging from personal to industrial enforcements. One of the emerging issues concerns occupational safety and health in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, in more detail, it deals with how industrial hygienists could improve the risk-assessment process. A possible way to achieve these aims is the adoption of new exposure-monitoring tools. In this study, a systematic review of the up-to-date scientific literature has been performed to identify and discuss the most-used sensors that could be useful for occupational risk assessment, with the intent of highlighting their pros and cons. A total of 40 papers have been included in this manuscript. The results show that sensors able to investigate airborne pollutants (i.e., gaseous pollutants and particulate matter), environmental conditions, physical agents, and workers' postures could be usefully adopted in the risk-assessment process, since they could report significant data without significantly interfering with the job activities of the investigated subjects. To date, there are only few "next-generation" monitors and sensors (NGMSs) that could be effectively used on the workplace to preserve human health. Due to this fact, the development and the validation of new NGMSs will be crucial in the upcoming years, to adopt these technologies in occupational-risk assessment.

SUBMITTER: Fanti G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9269318 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

Fanti Giacomo G Spinazzè Andrea A Borghi Francesca F Rovelli Sabrina S Campagnolo Davide D Keller Marta M Borghi Andrea A Cattaneo Andrea A Cauda Emanuele E Cavallo Domenico Maria DM

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20220627 13

Over the last decade, technological advancements have been made available and applied in a wide range of applications in several work fields, ranging from personal to industrial enforcements. One of the emerging issues concerns occupational safety and health in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, in more detail, it deals with how industrial hygienists could improve the risk-assessment process. A possible way to achieve these aims is the adoption of new exposure-monitoring tools. In this study, ...[more]

PMID: 35808337

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Project description:Lead (Pb) exposure continues to be a significant public health issue in both occupational and non-occupational settings. The vast majority of exposure and toxicological studies have focused on effects related to inhalation and gastrointestinal exposure routes. Exposure to inorganic Pb compounds through dermal absorption has been less well studied, perhaps due to the assumption that the dermal pathway is a minor contributor to aggregate exposures to Pb compounds. The aim of this rapid review was to identify and evaluate published literature on dermal exposures to support the estimation of key percutaneous absorption parameters (Kp, flux, diffusion rate) for use in occupational risk assessment. Eleven articles were identified containing information from both in vitro and in vivo systems relevant to percutaneous absorption kinetics. These articles provided 24 individual study summaries and information for seven inorganic Pb compounds. The vast majority of study summaries evaluated (n = 22, 92%) reported detectable amounts of dermal absorption of inorganic Pb. Data were identified for four Pb compounds (Pb acetate, Pb nitrate, Pb oxide, and Pb metal) that may be sufficient to use in evaluating physiologically based pharmacokinetic models. Average calculated diffusion rates for the pool of animal and human skin data ranged from 10-7 to 10-4 mg cm-2 h-1, and Kp values ranged from 10-7 to 10-5 cm h-1. Study design and documentation were highly variable, and only one of the studies identified was conducted using standard test guideline-compliant methodologies. Two studies provided quality estimates on the impacts of dermal absorption from water-insoluble Pb compounds on blood Pb levels. These two studies reported that exposures via dermal routes could elevate blood Pb by over 6 µg dl-1. This estimation could represent over 100% of 5 µg dl-1, the blood Pb associated with adverse health effects in adults. The utility of these estimates to occupational dermal exposures is limited, because the confidence in the estimates is not high. The literature, while of limited quality, overall strongly suggests inorganic Pb has the potential for dermal uptake in meaningful amounts associated with negative health outcomes based on upper bound diffusion rate estimates. Future standard test guideline-compliant studies are needed to provide high-confidence estimates of dermal uptake. Such data are needed to allow for improved evaluation of Pb exposures in an occupational risk assessment context.

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Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

Publications

Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

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