IGSF11 and VISTA: a pair of promising immune checkpoints in tumor immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy has become the major treatment for tumors in clinical practice, but some intractable problems such as the low response rate and high rates of immune-related adverse events still hinder the progress of tumor immunotherapy. Hence, it is essential to explore additional immunotherapy treatment targets. In this review, we focus on the structure, expression and expression-related mechanisms, interactions, biological functions and the progress in preclinical/clinical research of IGSF11 and VISTA in tumors. We cover the progress in recent research with this pair of immune checkpoints in tumor immune regulation, proliferation, immune resistance and predictive prognosis. Both IGSF11 and VISTA are highly expressed in tumors and are modulated by various factors. They co-participate in th

SUBMITTER: Tang XY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9277907 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature