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Antibody and T-cell responses 6 months after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccination in patients with chronic kidney disease, on dialysis, or living with a kidney transplant.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the immune response 6 months after mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney patients and compared this to controls.

Methods

152 participants with CKD stages G4/5 (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2), 145 participants on dialysis, 267 KTR, and 181 controls were included. SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1-specific IgG antibodies were measured by fluorescent bead-based multiplex-immunoassay, neutralizing antibodies to ancestral, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants by plaque reduction, and T-cell responses by IFN-γ release assay.

Results

At 6 months after vaccination S1-specific antibodies were detected in 100% of controls, 98.7% of CKD G4/5 patients, 95.1% of dialysis patients, and 56.6% of KTR. These figures were comparable to the response rates at 28 days, but antibody levels waned significantly. Neutralization of the ancestral and Delta variant was detected in most participants, whereas neutralization of Omicron was mostly absent. S-specific T-cell responses were detected 6 months in 75.0% of controls, 69.4% of CKD G4/5 patients, 52.6% of dialysis patients, and 12.9% of KTR. T-cell responses at 6 months were significantly lower than responses at 28 days.

Conclusions

Although seropositivity rates at 6 months were comparable to that at 28 days after vaccination, significantly decreased antibody levels and T-cell responses were observed. The combination of low antibody levels, reduced T-cell responses, and absent neutralization of the newly-emerging variants indicates the need for additional boosts or alternative vaccination strategies in KTR.

SUBMITTER: Sanders JSF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9278186 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antibody and T-Cell Responses 6 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant.

Sanders Jan-Stephan F JF Messchendorp A Lianne AL de Vries Rory D RD Baan Carla C CC van Baarle Debbie D van Binnendijk Rob R Diavatopoulos Dimitri A DA Geers Daryl D Schmitz Katharina S KS GeurtsvanKessel Corine H CH den Hartog Gerco G Kho Marcia M L MML Koopmans Marion P G MPG van der Molen Renate G RG Remmerswaal Ester B M EBM Rots Nynke N Gansevoort Ron T RT Bemelman Frederike J FJ Hilbrands Luuk B LB Reinders Marlies E J MEJ

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20230201 3

<h4>Background</h4>The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the immune response 6 months after mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney patients and compared this to controls.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 152 participants with CKD stages G4/5 (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2), 145 participants on dialysis, 267 KTRs, and 181 controls were included. SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 ...[more]

PMID: 35796536

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