Hypoxic Tumor-Derived Exosomes Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via PKM2/AMPK to Promote Lung Cancer Progression.

ABSTRACT: Hypoxia is a major regulator of tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in cancer progression. Exosomes (exos) play an important role in the communication between lung cancer and hypoxic microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely undefined. Exos were isolated from A549 cells under hypoxia conditions. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were carried out to characterize exos. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of A549 cells, respectively. The M2 polarization of macrophages was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo nude mice model was established to determine the regulatory effect of hypoxia/exos on the p

SUBMITTER: Zhou S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9280815 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature