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Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes.


ABSTRACT:

Objective

Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes.

Methods

From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020.

Results

The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes.

Conclusion

Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.

SUBMITTER: Romdhani M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9283087 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes.

Romdhani Mohamed M   Ammar Achraf A   Trabelsi Khaled K   Chtourou Hamdi H   Vitale Jacopo A JA   Masmoudi Liwa L   Nédélec Mathieu M   Rae Dale E DE   Al Horani Ramzi A RA   Ben Saad Helmi H   Bragazzi Nicola N   Dönmez Gürhan G   Dergaa Ismail I   Driss Tarak T   Farooq Abdulaziz A   Hammouda Omar O   Harroum Nesrine N   Hassanmirzaei Bahar B   Khalladi Karim K   Khemila Syrine S   Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo Jose LJ   Moussa-Chamari Imen I   Mujika Iñigo I   Muñoz Helú Hussein H   Norouzi Fashkhami Amin A   Paineiras-Domingos Laisa Liane LL   Khaneghah Mehrshad Rahbari MR   Saita Yoshitomo Y   Souabni Maher M   Souissi Nizar N   Washif Jad Adrian JA   Weber Johanna J   Zmijewski Piotr P   Taylor Lee L   Garbarino Sergio S   Chamari Karim K  

Frontiers in nutrition 20220630


<h4>Objective</h4>Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes.<h4>Methods</h4>From an international sample of athletes (<i>n</i> = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their beha  ...[more]

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