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ABSTRACT: Objective
Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes.Methods
From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020.Results
The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes.Conclusion
Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.
SUBMITTER: Romdhani M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9283087 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Romdhani Mohamed M Ammar Achraf A Trabelsi Khaled K Chtourou Hamdi H Vitale Jacopo A JA Masmoudi Liwa L Nédélec Mathieu M Rae Dale E DE Al Horani Ramzi A RA Ben Saad Helmi H Bragazzi Nicola N Dönmez Gürhan G Dergaa Ismail I Driss Tarak T Farooq Abdulaziz A Hammouda Omar O Harroum Nesrine N Hassanmirzaei Bahar B Khalladi Karim K Khemila Syrine S Mataruna-Dos-Santos Leonardo Jose LJ Moussa-Chamari Imen I Mujika Iñigo I Muñoz Helú Hussein H Norouzi Fashkhami Amin A Paineiras-Domingos Laisa Liane LL Khaneghah Mehrshad Rahbari MR Saita Yoshitomo Y Souabni Maher M Souissi Nizar N Washif Jad Adrian JA Weber Johanna J Zmijewski Piotr P Taylor Lee L Garbarino Sergio S Chamari Karim K
Frontiers in nutrition 20220630
<h4>Objective</h4>Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes.<h4>Methods</h4>From an international sample of athletes (<i>n</i> = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their beha ...[more]