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Multiple chikungunya virus introductions in Lao PDR from 2014 to 2020.

ABSTRACT: The first documented chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) occurred in 2012-2013. Since then, several imported and a few autochthonous cases were identified by the national arbovirus surveillance network. The present study aimed to summarize the main genetic features of the CHIKV strains detected in Lao PDR between 2014 and 2020. Samples from Lao patients presenting symptoms compatible with a CHIKV infection were centralized in Vientiane Capital city for real-time RT-PCR screening. Molecular epidemiology was performed by sequencing the E2-6K-E1 region. From 2014 to 2020, two Asian lineage isolates (e.g. French Polynesia; Indonesia), one ECSA-IOL lineage isolate (e.g. Thailand) and one unclassified (e.g. Myanmar) were imported in Vientiane Capital city. Sequences from the autochthonous cases recorded in the Central and Southern parts of the country between July and September 2020 belonged to the ECSA-IOL lineage and clustered with CHIKV strains recently detected in neighboring countries. These results demonstrate the multiple CHIKV introductions in Lao PDR since 2014 and provide evidence for sporadic and time-limited circulation of CHIKV in the country. Even if the circulation of CHIKV seems to be geographically and temporally limited in Lao PDR, the development of international tourism and trade may cause future outbreaks of CHIKV in the country and at the regional level.

SUBMITTER: Calvez E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9286254 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multiple chikungunya virus introductions in Lao PDR from 2014 to 2020.

Calvez Elodie E Bounmany Phaithong P Somlor Somphavanh S Xaybounsou Thonglakhone T Viengphouthong Souksakhone S Keosenhom Sitsana S Brey Paul T PT Lacoste Vincent V Grandadam Marc M

PloS one 20220715 7

The first documented chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) occurred in 2012-2013. Since then, several imported and a few autochthonous cases were identified by the national arbovirus surveillance network. The present study aimed to summarize the main genetic features of the CHIKV strains detected in Lao PDR between 2014 and 2020. Samples from Lao patients presenting symptoms compatible with a CHIKV infection were centralized in Vientiane Capital city fo ...[more]

PMID: 35839218

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Project description:BackgroundDuring the 2013 outbreak, 4638 infection cases and 32 deaths have been recorded in the southern part of Laos. In recent years, the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the part of the country bordering Cambodia. Dengue virus (DENV) and CHIKV are transmitted by common mosquito vectors. Both diseases have similar clinical presentations; therefore, CHIKV infections might go undiagnosed in DENV-endemic areas. Thus, rapid detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for differentiating between the two viruses (DENV and CHIKV). In this study, we demonstrated that CHIKV and two serotypes of DENV are circulating in Laos. In addition, we encountered patients that had been concurrently infected with multiple DENV serotypes or DENV and CHIKV.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 40 patients with suspected DENV infections during an outbreak between July and August 2013. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the four DENV serotypes and CHIKV using specific primers. Specifically, the complete envelope gene sequences of the viruses were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.ResultsForty acute-phase plasma samples from patients with suspected dengue infections were tested for the presence of DENV viral RNA using molecular methods. Among the 40 samples, 14 samples were positive for DENV, 2 samples were positive for both viruses (DENV-2 and DENV-3), whereas DENV-1 and DENV-4 were not detected during the study period. We also encountered 10 samples that were positive for CHIKV. Of the 10 CHIKV-positive samples, 3 samples were co-infected by DENV-2, and 2 samples were co-infected by DENV-3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 2013 dengue outbreak in Laos involved DENV-2 genotype Asian I and DENV-3 genotype II. Moreover, the Laotian CHIKV strains grouped together with those isolated during outbreaks on the Indian Ocean Islands within the East Central South African genotype.ConclusionsThese findings revealed that two serotypes (DENV-2 and DENV-3) and CHIKV were detected. Furthermore, infection of multiple DENV serotypes and CHIKV was also observed in the 2013 dengue outbreak. This is the first documented evidence of co-infection with CHIKV and one of two DENV serotypes.

Project description:IntroductionDengue is a significant arboviral infection that represents a major public health concern worldwide. The infection is endemic in most parts of South East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Among the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, DENV-2 has been reported to be the predominant serotype in Saudi Arabia since 1992. However, virological and epidemiological data of DENV-2 from Saudi Arabia are severely deficient and require further investigations.MethodsFull genome sequencing of a recent DENV-2 isolate and phylogenetic analysis of all available DENV-2 sequences from Saudi Arabia.ResultsBased on full genome and envelope (E) gene sequence, we show that a recent isolate (DENV-2-Jeddah-2014) belongs to the Indian subcontinent lineage of the Cosmopolitan genotype with close similarity to recent strains from Pakistan. Interestingly, the E gene sequence of DENV-2-Jeddah-2014 isolate was slightly divergent from those previously identified in Saudi Arabia between 1992 and 2004 with three to nine amino acid (aa) substitutions. While our data show that the Cosmopolitan genotype is still circulating in Saudi Arabia, they highlight four distinct genetic groups suggesting at least four independent introductions into the Kingdom.ConclusionsThe close clustering of DENV-2 isolates reported from Saudi Arabia between 1992 and 2014 with strains from countries providing the highest numbers of pilgrims attending either Hajj or Umrah pilgrimages (Indonesia, Pakistan, India) clearly suggests a role for pilgrims or expatriates coming from DENV endemic countries in DENV-2 importation into Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of the circulation of DENVs in Saudi Arabia must be implemented to undertake effective control and management strategies in the Kingdom. Screening of the pilgrims coming to perform Hajj and Umrah might help prevent the introduction of new DENV strains, which is expected to increase the burden of the disease not only in Saudi Arabia but also in other countries.

Dataset Information

Multiple chikungunya virus introductions in Lao PDR from 2014 to 2020.

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Multiple chikungunya virus introductions in Lao PDR from 2014 to 2020.

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