Dataset Information

Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Nrf2 Activation.

ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by reduced muscle function and size. Oxidative stress contributes to muscle atrophy but can be treated with antioxidants. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of a castor oil plant leaf (Ricinus communis L.) extract (RC) and its effects on muscle atrophy. Rutin was identified as the major compound among the thirty compounds identified in RC via LC-MS/MS and was found to inhibit dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Rutin-rich RC showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and efficiently reduced the DEX-induced myotube atrophy and mitochondrial oxidative damage in C2C12 cells. RC supplementation prevented the loss of muscle function and muscle mass in DEX-administered mice and ameliorated DEX-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling. Taken together, both RC and rutin ameliorated muscle atrophy and helped in maintaining redox homeostasis; hence, rutin-rich RC could be a promising functional food that is beneficial for muscle health.

SUBMITTER: Lee H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9294160 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Nrf2 Activation.

Lee Hyunjung H Kim Young In YI Kim Min Jung MJ Hahm Jeong-Hoon JH Seo Hyo Deok HD Ha Tae Youl TY Jung Chang Hwa CH Ahn Jiyun J

Frontiers in pharmacology 20220705

Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by reduced muscle function and size. Oxidative stress contributes to muscle atrophy but can be treated with antioxidants. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of a castor oil plant leaf (Ricinus communis L.) extract (RC) and its effects on muscle atrophy. Rutin was identified as the major compound among the thirty compounds identified in RC via LC-MS/MS and was found to inhibit dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy and mitoc ...[more]

PMID: 35865958

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Project description:BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously encoded small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play essential roles in numerous developmental and physiological processes. Currently, little information on the transcriptome and tissue-specific expression of miRNAs is available in the model non-edible oilseed crop castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), one of the most important non-edible oilseed crops cultivated worldwide. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of conserved and novel miRNAs in many plant species. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies to identify and characterize the miRNAs in castor bean.ResultsFive small RNA libraries were constructed for deep sequencing from root tips, leaves, developing seeds (at the initial stage, seed1; and at the fast oil accumulation stage, seed2) and endosperms in castor bean. High-throughput sequencing generated a large number of sequence reads of small RNAs in this study. In total, 86 conserved miRNAs were identified, including 63 known and 23 newly identified. Sixteen miRNA isoform variants in length were found from the conserved miRNAs of castor bean. MiRNAs displayed diverse organ-specific expression levels among five libraries. Combined with criteria for miRNA annotation and a RT-PCR approach, 72 novel miRNAs and their potential precursors were annotated and 20 miRNAs newly identified were validated. In addition, new target candidates for miRNAs newly identified in this study were proposed.ConclusionsThe current study presents the first high-throughput small RNA sequencing study performed in castor bean to identify its miRNA population. It characterizes and increases the number of miRNAs and their isoforms identified in castor bean. The miRNA expression analysis provides a foundation for understanding castor bean miRNA organ-specific expression patterns. The present study offers an expanded picture of miRNAs for castor bean and other members in the family Euphorbiaceae.

Project description:H1s, or linker histones, are ubiquitous proteins in eukaryotic cells, consisting of a globular GH1 domain flanked by two unstructured tails. Whilst it is known that numerous non-allelic variants exist within the same species, the degree of interspecific and intraspecific variation and divergence of linker histones remain unknown. The conserved basic binding sites in GH1 and evenly distributed strong positive charges on the C-terminal domain (CTD) are key structural characters for linker histones to bind chromatin. Based on these features, we identified five linker histones from 13 GH1-containing proteins in castor bean (Ricinus communis), which were named as RcH1.1, RcH1.2a, RcH1.2b, RcH1.3, and RcH1.4 based on their phylogenetic relationships with the H1s from five other economically important Euphorbiaceae species (Hevea brasiliensis Jatropha curcas, Manihot esculenta Mercurialis annua, and Vernicia fordii) and Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression profiles of RcH1 genes in a variety of tissues and stresses were determined from RNA-seq data. We found three RcH1 genes (RcH1.1, RcH1.2a, and RcH1.3) were broadly expressed in all tissues, suggesting a conserved role in stabilizing and organizing the nuclear DNA. RcH1.2a and RcH1.4 was preferentially expressed in floral tissues, indicating potential involvement in floral development in castor bean. Lack of non-coding region and no expression detected in any tissue tested suggest that RcH1.2b is a pseudogene. RcH1.3 was salt stress inducible, but not induced by cold, heat and drought in our investigation. Structural comparison confirmed that GH1 domain was highly evolutionarily conserved and revealed that N- and C-terminal domains of linker histones are divergent between variants, but highly conserved between species for a given variant. Although the number of H1 genes varies between species, the number of H1 variants is relatively conserved in more closely related species (such as within the same family). Through comparison of nucleotide diversity of linker histone genes and oil-related genes, we found similar mutation rate of these two groups of genes. Using Tajima's D and ML-HKA tests, we found RcH1.1 and RcH1.3 may be under balancing selection.

Project description:BackgroundRicinus communis L. is a large plant from the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), grown for industrial and medicinal purposes. In this research, progenies obtained from three types of reproduction, including apomixis, self-pollination, and open-pollination from a worldwide collection of castor bean (14 genotypes), were evaluated based on yield components and agro-morphological traits and the amount of inbreeding depression and apomixis advantages were estimated in each genotype using offspring. In addition, the expression of eight candidate genes for apomixis (including Helic, SERK, BBM, LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, WUS, and GLC) was assessed during three stages of floret development in both apomixis and open-pollination reproductions.ResultsResults of data analysis demonstrated that inbreeding depression for most traits in self-pollinated progenies than apomictic progenies (IDA) was higher compared to inbreeding depression than open-pollinated progenies (IDO). Additionally, the highest inbreeding depression was for seed yield per plant, and genotypes of Isfahan and Benin had the highest IDA (-53.78%) and IDO (-76.95%) for seed yield per plant, respectively. In contrast, apomixis advantage was positive for most traits, and apomixis advantage relative to self-pollinated progenies (AAS) was higher than apomixis advantage relative to open-pollinated progenies (AAO). The highest apomixis advantage was for seed yield per plant, and the highest AAO (424.51%) and AAS (333.85%) for this trait were observed in the Benin genotype. The expression levels of apomixis candidate genes increased in apomixis reproduction vs. open-pollination one and the greatest expression difference was observed for Helic and ABI3 genes promoting somatic embryogenesis in earlier stages of seed development.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, apomixis is probably advantageous over both self-pollination and open-pollination methods of reproduction in castor bean and the apomictic progenies were superior in most traits, which is probably due to the accumulation of undesirable alleles in the self-pollinated progenies (inbreeding effects) and the segregation of desirable characteristics in the open-pollinated progenies (segregation effect).

Dataset Information

Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Nrf2 Activation.

Publications

Castor Oil Plant (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy <i>via</i> Nrf2 Activation.

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