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Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature.

ABSTRACT: Lower ambient temperature (T_a) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of T_a on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of T_a (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) between maximum, minimum and average T_a and TEE, BEE, AEE and PAL. After adjustment for fat-free mass, fat mass and age, statistically significant (p < 0.01) relationships between TEE, BEE and T_a emerged in females but the effect sizes were not biologically meaningful. Temperatures inside buildings are regulated at 18-25°C independent of latitude. Hence, adults in the US modify their environments to keep TEE constant across a wide range of external ambient temperatures.

SUBMITTER: Zhang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9294192 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature.

Zhang Xueying X Yamada Yosuke Y Sagayama Hiroyuki H Ainslie Philip N PN Blaak Ellen E EE Buchowski Maciej S MS Close Graeme L GL Cooper Jamie A JA Das Sai Krupa SK Dugas Lara R LR Gurven Michael M El Hamdouchi Asmaa A Hu Sumei S Joonas Noorjehan N Katzmarzyk Peter P Kraus William E WE Kushner Robert F RF Leonard William R WR Martin Corby K CK Meijer Erwin P EP Neuhouser Marian L ML Ojiambo Robert M RM Pitsiladis Yannis P YP Plasqui Guy G Prentice Ross L RL Racette Susan B SB Ravussin Eric E Redman Leanne M LM Reynolds Rebecca M RM Roberts Susan B SB Sardinha Luis B LB Silva Analiza M AM Stice Eric E Urlacher Samuel S SS Van Mil Edgar A EA Wood Brian M BM Murphy-Alford Alexia J AJ Loechl Cornelia C Luke Amy H AH Rood Jennifer J Schoeller Dale A DA Westerterp Klaas R KR Wong William W WW Pontzer Herman H Speakman John R JR

iScience 20220628 8

Lower ambient temperature (Ta) requires greater energy expenditure to sustain body temperature. However, effects of Ta on human energetics may be buffered by environmental modification and behavioral compensation. We used the IAEA DLW database for adults in the USA (n = 3213) to determine the effect of Ta (-10 to +30°C) on TEE, basal (BEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL). There were no significant relationships (p > 0.05) b ...[more]

PMID: 35865134

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Project description:Mammalian cells were grown as multicellular aggregates (spheroids) in an effort to determine the signaling events required for two cellular transformations states; primary foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-2) and glioblastoma cancer (T98G) cells, to survive at room temperature under oxygen and nutrient-deprived conditions for extended periods of time (2 weeks) and subsequently grown out from the arrested state as adherent monolayers. HFF-2 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 5% carbon dioxide humidified air at 37 degrees C. T98G cells were cultured in EMEM with 10% FBS, 5% non-essential amino acids and 5% carbon dioxide humidified air at 37 degreesC. Monolayers were grown in T-185 flasks to 60% confluency then split into T-185 flasks coated with a 1% agarose mix in a 2:1 media/water ratio. Cells were suspended in 30 ml of supplemented media and grown for 4 days in order to form multicellular spheroids as described previously by our group (J. Cell. Physiol., 206 [2006] 526-536; see GSE1364 and GSE1455 for similar experiments with HEK293 cells). The suspension was removed from the flasks and centrifuged (1500 x g, 2 min) and the media removed. The pellet was returned to the flasks and then placed in vacuum bags (Dri-shield 2000 moisture barrier bag from Surmount Inc., USA; Cat. number 70068), which were sealed immediately under vacuum (Deni Magic Vac, Champion model; Keystone Manufacturing, USA). Vacuum-sealed flasks were stored for 2 weeks (in the dark) at room temperature. Recovery was initiated by removing the flask from the bag and resuspending the spheroids in supplemented media and placing the flasks in a 5% CO2/humidified air incubator maintained at 37 degreesC. Timepoints for transcriptional analysis were monolayer (control), 4 day growth spheroids, 2 week stored spheroids and 7 day growth back to monolayers. There were 67 HFF-2 and 50 T98G genes that exhibited at least a 10-fold change in expression during the course of arrest and recovery. Eleven of these genes were common to both cell lines. While the trends were the same between the two cell lines for genes that were in common, the timing of the responses were clearly different. The primary fibroblasts showed significant gene expression changes during spheroid formation and returned to their initial monolayer state after the two week arrest, whereas the glioblastoma cells exhibited major changes in gene expression during the recovery process. Furthermore, the T98G cells never returned to the monolayer expression levels during the time course of the recovery phase (7 days growth under monolayer conditions). Major differences in the transcriptional data were also found between the cell lines with regards to the putative cellular location of the encoded proteins. Of the genes with significant fold changes (+/- 10-fold) for which location information is available, the primary fibroblasts were significantly enriched in genes encoding extracellular (32%) and membrane-associated (26%) proteins. The glioblastoma cells, on the other hand, had only 17% extracellular and 13% membrane-associated. The expression level trends for all genes above the 10-fold cutoff were as observed for the "in common" genes; HFF-2 genes had returned to monolayer expression levels after 7 days of recovery whereas the T98G line was still exhibiting expression values much different from that of the monolayer control. Keywords = human foreskin fibroblasts, desiccation, rehydration, monolayer, spheroid, stabilization, ambient temperature Keywords: other

Dataset Information

Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature.

Publications

Human total, basal and activity energy expenditures are independent of ambient environmental temperature.

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