Dataset Information

Three years of hourly data from 3021 smart heat meters installed in Danish residential buildings.

ABSTRACT: The now widespread use of smart heat meters for buildings connected to district heating networks generates data at an unknown extent and temporal resolution. This data encompasses information that enables new data-driven approaches in the building sector. Real-life data of sufficient size and quality are necessary to facilitate the development of such methods, as subsequent analyses typically require a complete equidistant dataset without missing or erroneous values. Thus, this work presents three years (2018-01-03 till 2020-12-31) of screened, interpolated, and imputed data from 3,021 commercial smart heat meters installed in Danish residential buildings. The screening aimed to detect data from not used meters, resolve issues caused by the data storage process and identify erroneous values. Linear interpolation was used to obtain equidistant data. After the screening, 0.3% of the data were missing, which were imputed using a weighted moving average based on a systematic comparison of nine different imputation methods. The original and processed data are published together with the code for data processing ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6563114 ).

SUBMITTER: Schaffer M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9296640 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three years of hourly data from 3021 smart heat meters installed in Danish residential buildings.

Schaffer Markus M Tvedebrink Torben T Marszal-Pomianowska Anna A

Scientific data 20220719 1

The now widespread use of smart heat meters for buildings connected to district heating networks generates data at an unknown extent and temporal resolution. This data encompasses information that enables new data-driven approaches in the building sector. Real-life data of sufficient size and quality are necessary to facilitate the development of such methods, as subsequent analyses typically require a complete equidistant dataset without missing or erroneous values. Thus, this work presents thr ...[more]

PMID: 35853956

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Project description:This dataset contains the material volumes, masses, and intensities for a total of 45 residential building cohorts in Finland from the 1940s to the 2010s. The specific building types included are one dwelling houses and blocks of flats. The data were drawn from representative case buildings and their derivatives. The data are primarily based on construction drawings, complemented by other documents such as bills of materials. The source material was mainly obtained from the archives of the building inspection authority of the city of Vantaa, Finland. Material volumes were derived from the construction drawings either directly from annotations or, when needed, by further measurements made based on the same material. For minor lacks of information in the original documents, documents of similar buildings and literature were consulted. A total of 26 buildings were inventoried directly. For each included combination of building type, construction decade, and bearing material these were the ones with the most common façade material. In addition, 19 buildings with the second most common façade material were formed based on these to represent the 45 cohorts. Material masses, and by extension intensities, were calculated based on the recorded volumes and typical densities of construction materials used in Finland. The material volumes, masses, and intensities per material and in total are presented as three spreadsheet tables, along with a description sheet, on three corresponding hierarchical levels of aggregation: per representative building, per vertical building level (foundations, basement, first storey, etc.), and per building part (floor, exterior walls, interior walls, etc.). Furthermore, they are distinguished between the building structure and complementary building components (windows and doors). The data can be used in academic, policy related, and practical investigations of the building stock, such as in evaluating the material consumption consequences of different spatial planning strategies on various levels or estimating the materials embedded in the built environment and their potential for capitalisation in the circular economy.

Project description:ImportancePrevious studies have demonstrated the associations of daily high temperature with hospitalizations and mortality from ischemic stroke, but the hourly association of ambient heat and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset has been rarely examined.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between hourly high ambient temperature and the onset of AIS.Design, setting, and participantsThis time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted using a nationwide registry that collects data from more than 200 stroke centers in China. Participants were adult patients with AIS who were hospitalized in the warm seasons between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021.ExposuresHourly temperature and single-hour temperature exposure lag up to 24 hours before the AIS onset (lag 0 hours to lag 24 hours).Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was onset of AIS. Associations between hourly mean temperatures and AIS onset were analyzed using conditional logistic regression integrated with the distributed lag nonlinear model. Stratification analyses were applied to examine potential association modifiers. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results.ResultsA total of 82 455 patients with AIS (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [11.9] years; 52 267 males [63.4%]) were included in the final analysis. A monotonically increasing risk of AIS onset was associated with higher temperatures. The excess AIS risk occurred immediately at lag 0 hours and persisted for 10 hours. Compared with the reference temperature (12.1 °C), the cumulative odds ratio (OR) over lag 0 to 10 hours of AIS onset associated with extremely high temperature (33.3 °C) was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.65-2.13) nationwide. The exposure-response curve was steeper in the north than in the south (OR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.53-2.11] vs 1.57 [95% CI, 1.31-1.87]). The ORs were greater for males and patients with a history of dyslipidemia or atrial fibrillation, but the differences were not significant.Conclusions and relevanceResults of this study suggest that hourly heat exposure is associated with increased risk of AIS onset. This finding may benefit the formulation of public health strategies to reduce cerebrovascular risk associated with high ambient temperature under global warming.

Dataset Information

Three years of hourly data from 3021 smart heat meters installed in Danish residential buildings.

Publications

Three years of hourly data from 3021 smart heat meters installed in Danish residential buildings.

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