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Regulating the surface of anion-doped TiO₂ nanorods by hydrogen annealing for superior photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

ABSTRACT: Dedications to achieve the highly efficient metal oxide semiconductor for the photoelectrochemical water splitting system have been persisted to utilize the TiO₂ as the promising photoanode material. Herein, we report notable progress for nanostructured TiO₂ photoanodes using facile sequential one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and annealing in hydrogen. A photocurrent density of 3.04 mA·cm^-2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode was achieved in TiO₂ nanorod arrays annealed in hydrogen ambient, which is approximately 4.25 times higher than that of pristine TiO₂ annealed in ambient air. 79.2% of incident photon-to-current efficiency at 380 nm wavelength demonstrates the prominence of the material at the near-UV spectral range region and 100 h chronoamperometric test exhibits the stability of the photoanode. Detailed studies regarding crystallinity, bandgap, and elemental analysis provide the importance of the optimized annealing condition for the TiO₂-based photoanodes. Water contact angle measurement displays the effect of hydrogen annealing on the hydrophilicity of the material. This study clearly demonstrates the marked improvement using the optimized hydrogen annealing, providing the promising methodologies for eco-friendly mass production of water splitting photoelectrodes.

SUBMITTER: Park J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9296745 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulating the surface of anion-doped TiO2 nanorods by hydrogen annealing for superior photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Park Jongseong J Lee Seonyong S Lee Tae Hyung TH Kim Changyeon C Jun Sang Eon SE Baek Ji Hyun JH Kim Jae Young JY Lee Mi Gyoung MG Ahn Sang Hyun SH Jang Ho Won HW

Nano convergence 20220719 1

Dedications to achieve the highly efficient metal oxide semiconductor for the photoelectrochemical water splitting system have been persisted to utilize the TiO2 as the promising photoanode material. Herein, we report notable progress for nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes using facile sequential one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and annealing in hydrogen. A photocurrent density of 3.04 mA·cm-2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode was achieved in TiO2 ...[more]

PMID: 35852642

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Project description:Semiconductor heterostructure junctions are known to improve the water oxidation performance in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Depending on the semiconductor materials involved, different kinds of junctions can appear, for instance, type II band alignment where the conduction and valence bands of the semiconductor materials are staggered with respect to each other. This band alignment allows for a charge separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, where the holes will go from low-to-high valance band levels and vice versa for the electrons. For this reason, interface engineering has attracted intensive attention in recent years. In this work, a simplified model of the Fe2O3-TiO2 heterostructure was investigated via first-principles calculations. The results show that Fe2O3-TiO2 produces a type I band alignment in the heterojunction, which is detrimental to the water oxidation reaction. However, the results also show that interstitial hydrogens are energetically allowed in TiO2 and that they introduce states above the valance band, which can assist in the transfer of holes through the TiO2 layer. In response, well-defined planar Fe2O3-TiO2 heterostructures were manufactured, and measurements confirm the formation of a type I band alignment in the case of Fe2O3-TiO2, with very low photocurrent density as a result. However, once TiO2 was subjected to hydrogen treatment, there was a nine times higher photocurrent density at 1.50 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode under 1 sun illumination as compared to the original heterostructured photoanode. Via optical absorption, XPS analysis, and (photo)electrochemical measurements, it is clear that hydrogen treated TiO2 results in a type II band alignment in the Fe2O3-H:TiO2 heterostructure. This work is an example of how hydrogen doping in TiO2 can tailor the band alignment in TiO2-Fe2O3 heterostructures. As such, it provides valuable insights for the further development of similar material combinations.

Dataset Information

Regulating the surface of anion-doped TiO₂ nanorods by hydrogen annealing for superior photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

Publications

Regulating the surface of anion-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods by hydrogen annealing for superior photoelectrochemical water oxidation.

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