Histology and transcriptomic profiling reveal the dynamics of seed coat and endosperm formation in tree peony (Paeonia ostii).
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Sun J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9297151 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Histology and transcriptomic profiling reveal the dynamics of seed coat and endosperm formation in tree peony (<i>Paeonia ostii</i>).
Sun Jing J Guo Haixia H Liu Mi M Chen Ming M Zhu Mengyuan M Liu Datong D Tao Jun J
Horticulture research 20220517
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Project description:Tree peony (Paeonia ostii) is an economically important ornamental plant native to China. It is also notable for its seed oil, which is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid (ALA). Here, we report chromosome-level genome assembly (12.28 Gb) of P. ostii. In contrast to monocots with giant genomes, tree peony does not appear to have undergone lineage-specific whole-genome duplication. Instead, explosive LTR expansion in the intergenic regions within a short period (~ two million years) may have contributed to the formation of its giga-genome. In addition, expansion of five types of histone encoding genes may have helped maintain the giga-chromosomes. Further, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 448 accessions and show expansion and high expression of several genes in the key nodes of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, including SAD, FAD2 and FAD3, may function in high level of ALAs synthesis in tree peony seeds. Moreover, by comparing with cultivated tree peony (P. suffruticosa), we show that ectopic expression of class A gene AP1 and reduced expression of class C gene AG may contribute to the formation of petaloid stamens. Genomic resources reported in this study will be valuable for studying chromosome/genome evolution and tree peony breeding.
| S-EPMC9705720 | biostudies-literature
Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding, small RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Although plant miRNAs have been extensively studied in model systems, less is known in other plants with limited genome sequence data, including Paeonia ostii. In this work, we used high-throughput sequencing to identify conserved and nonconserved miRNAs and other short RNAs in Paeonia ostii under control and copper stressed condition. 102 previously known plant miRNAs were identified and classified into 89 families according to their gene sequence identity. Some miRNAs were highly conserved in the plant kingdom suggesting that these miRNA play important and conserved roles. Combined our transcriptome sequencing data of Paeonia ostii under same conditions, 34 novel potential miRNAs were identified. The potential targets of the identified known and novel miRNAs were also predicted based on sequence homology search. Comparing the two libraries, it was observed that 12 conserved miRNAs and 18 novel miRNAs showed significantly changes in response to copper stress. Some of the new identified potential miRNAs might be involved in Paeonia ostii-specific regulating mechanisms under copper stress. These results provide a framework for further analysis of miRNAs and their role in regulating Paeonia ostii response to copper stress.
| S-EPMC4319853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Paeonia ostii, a member of tree peony, is an emerging oil crop with important medical and oil uses and widely cultivated in China. Dissolving the genetic diversity and domestication history of this species is important for further genetic improvements and deployments. We firstly selected 29 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) via transcriptome mining, segregation analyses and polymorphism characterizations; then, 901 individuals from the range-wide samples were genotyped using well-characterized SSR markers. We observed moderate genetic diversity among individuals, and Shaanxi Province was identified as the center of genetic diversity for our cultivated plants. Five well-separated gene pools were detected by STRUCTURE analyses, and the results suggested that multiple independent domestication origins occurred in Shaanxi Province and Tongling City (Anhui Province). Taken together, the genetic evidence and the historical records suggest multiple long-distance introductions after the plant was domesticated in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces. The present study provides the first genetic evaluation of the domestication history of P. ostii, and our results provide an important reference for further genetic improvements and deployments of this important crop.
| S-EPMC5509724 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The tree peony (Paeonia ostii 'Feng Dan Bai') has excellent drought tolerance. Although it has already been reported that the cuticle is an essential barrier against drought stress, the critical genes for cuticle resistance to drought remain unclear. However, the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACS) family of genes may be significant for the synthesis of cuticle wax. To test whether the LACS gene family is involved in cuticle response to drought stress in tree peony, we measure the thickness of cuticle stems and leaves alongside LACS enzyme activity. It is found that the cuticle thickens and the LACS enzyme increases with the maturation of stems and leaves, and there is a positive correlation between them. The LACS enzyme increases within 12 h under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The transcriptome sequencing result (BioProject accession number PRJNA317164) is searched for, and a LACS gene with high expression is cloned. This gene has high homology and similarity with LACS4 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene is named PoLACS4. It is show to be highly expressed in mature leaves and peaks within 1 h under drought and salt stresses. All these results suggest that the LACS family of genes may be involved in cuticle response to drought stress and that PoLACS4 is a crucial gene which responds rapidly to drought in the tree peony.
| S-EPMC9498442 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Paeonia ostii is an important woody oil plant cultivated in China on a large scale. Its seed oil is enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are beneficial to human health. The aim of this research is to determine the qualitative traits characteristic of P. ostii seed from various production areas in China. In this study, seed quality traits were evaluated on the basis of proximate composition, content of fatty acids, tocopherol, secondary metabolites, and the antioxidant activity of seed coat (PSC) and kernel (PSK). A high content of total fatty acids (298.89-399.34 mg g-1), crude protein (16.91%-22.73%), and total tocopherols (167.83-276.70 μg g-1) were obtained from PSK. Significant differences were found in the content of palmitic acids (11.31-14.27 mg g-1), stearic acids (2.42-4.24 mg g-1), oleic acids (111.25-157.63 mg g-1), linoleic acids (54.39-83.59 mg g-1), and ALA (99.85-144.71 mg g-1) in the 11 main production areas. Eight and seventeen compounds were detected in PSC and PSK, respectively. A significantly higher content of total phenols was observed in PSC (139.49 mg g-1) compared with PSK (3.04 mg g-1), which was positively related to antioxidant activity. This study indicates that seeds of P. ostii would be a good source of valuable oil and provides a basis for seed quality evaluation for the production of edible oil and potential ALA supplements from the promising woody oil plant.
| S-EPMC7022864 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7020195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tree peony is a famous flower plant in China, but the short and concentrated flowering period limits its ornamental value and economic value. Brassinolide (BR) plays an important role in plant growth and development including flowering. There have been a large number of reports on the molecular aspects of the flowering process, but the genetic mechanism that was responsible for miRNA-guided regulation of tree peony is almost unclear. In this study, the leaves of tree peony cultivar, 'Feng Dan', were sprayed with different concentrations of BR, and the obvious bloom delay was found at the treatment with BR 50 μg/L. The small RNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on the petals of tree peony under an untreated control (CK) and the treatment with BR 50 μg/L during four consecutive flowering development stages. A total of 22 known miRNAs belonging to 12 families were identified and 84 novel miRNAs were predicted. Combined with transcriptome data, a total of 376 target genes were predicted for the 18 differentially expressed known miRNAs and 177 target genes were predicted for the 23 differentially expressed novel miRNAs. Additionally, the potential miRNAs and their target genes were identified, including miR156b targeting SPL, miR172a_4 targeting AP2 and four novel miRNAs targeting SPA1, and revealed that they might affect the flowering time in tree peony. Collectively, these results would provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of miRNA-guided regulation on flowering period in tree peony.
| S-EPMC8959526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peony seed meal (PSM) is the by-product obtained from peony seeds after oil extraction. In this study, PSM was incorporated into traditional koji-making, and its impacts on koji enzyme activities and flavor compounds in final products were investigated. In the process of koji fermentation, the optimal addition ratio of PSM to soybean was determined as 7:3. Under this ratio, the maximum enzyme activities of neutral protease, amylase, and glucoamylase were 1177.85, 686.58, and 1564.36 U/g, respectively, and the koji obtained was subjected to maturation. During post-fermentation, changes in the fermentation characteristics of the paste samples were monitored, and it was found that compared to the soybean paste without PSM, the enzyme activities maintained at a relatively good level. The PSM soybean paste contained a total of 80 flavor compounds and 11 key flavor compounds (OAV ≥ 1), including ethyl isovalerate, isovaleric acid, hexanal, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-Methyl-1-butanol 4-heptanone, 2-pentylfuran, methanethiol ester caproate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-4-heptanone, and isovaleraldehyde. These findings could be used to improve the quality of traditional fermented paste, enrich its flavor, and simultaneously promote PSM as a valuable resource for fermented foods.
| S-EPMC10486673 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSeeds of Paeonia ostii have been proposed as a source of raw material for the production of edible oil; however, lack of information about the developmental biology of the seeds hampers our ability to use them. Our aim was to investigate development of the seed coat, endosperm and embryo of P. ostii in relation to timing of accumulation of nutrient reserves from pollination to seed maturity. Ovules and developing seeds of P. ostii were collected at various stages of development from zygote to maturity. Seed fresh mass, dry mass, germination, moisture, soluble sugars, starch, protein and oil content were determined. Ontogeny of seeds including embryo, endosperm and seed coat were analyzed histologically.ResultsThe ovule of P. ostii is anatropous, crassinucellate and bitegmic. The zygote begins to divide at about 5 days after pollination (DAP), and the division is not accompanied by cell wall formation. By 25 DAP, the proembryo begins to cellularize. Thereafter, several embryo primordia appear at the surface of the cellularized proembryo, but only one matures. Endosperm development follows the typical nuclear type. The seed coat is derived from the outer integument. During seed development, soluble sugars, starch and crude fat content increased and then decreased, with maximum contents at 60, 80 and 100 DAP, respectively. Protein content was relatively low compared with soluble sugars and crude fat, but it increased throughout seed development.ConclusionsDuring seed development in P. ostii, the seed coat acts as a temporary storage tissue. Embryo development of P. ostii can be divided into two stages: a coenocytic proembryo from zygote (n + n) that degenerates and a somatic embryo from peripheral cells of the proembryo (2n → 2n). This pattern of embryogeny differs from that of all other angiosperms, but it is similar to that of gymnosperms.
| S-EPMC8684281 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is known for its excellent ornamental and medicinal values. In 2011, seeds from P. ostii have been identified as novel resource of α-linolenic acid (ALA) for seed oil production and development in China. However, the molecular mechanism on biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in tree peony seeds remains unknown. Therefore, transcriptome data is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.ResultsIn this study, lipid accumulation contents were measured using GC-MS methods across developing tree peony seeds, which exhibited an extraordinary ALA content (49.3%) in P. ostii mature seeds. Transcriptome analysis was performed using Illumina sequencing platform. A total of 144 million 100-bp paired-end reads were generated from six libraries, which identified 175,874 contigs. In the KEGG Orthology enrichment of differentially expressed genes, lipid metabolism pathways were highly represented categories. Using this data we identified 388 unigenes that may be involved in de novo fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. In particular, three unigenes (SAD, FAD2 and FAD8) encoding fatty acid desaturase with high expression levels in the fast oil accumulation stage compared with the initial stage of seed development were identified.ConclusionsThis study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing tree peony seeds gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for further understanding of molecular mechanism responsible for lipid biosynthesis and the high unsaturated fatty acids (especially ALA) accumulation. Meanwhile, it provides theoretical base for potential oilseed application in the respect of n-6 to n-3 ratio for human diets and future regulation of target healthy components of oils.
| S-EPMC4404109 | biostudies-literature