Long-Term Effects of Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, and Clothianidin on the Growth and Development of Eisenia andrei.

ABSTRACT: Recently, the high toxicity of neonicotinoids to the survival and reproduction of adult earthworms has become apparent in standard 56-day toxicity tests. The persistence of some neonicotinoids and/or their repeated application may lead to long-term exposure, possibly also affecting other parts of the life cycle of earthworms. The present study aimed at providing insight into the sublethal effects of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and clothianidin on juvenile Eisenia andrei exposed for 16 weeks in Lufa 2.2 soil. Significant effects on growth and maturation were observed for all compounds. Exposure to 0.125 mg imidacloprid/kg dry soil and 0.03125 and 0.0625 mg thiacloprid/kg dry soil significantly affected the growth of the earthworms, while significant maturation effects were observed at 0.0312

SUBMITTER: van Loon S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9323485 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature