Dataset Information

Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw.

ABSTRACT: A novel pre-treatment using corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea was developed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification and degradability of rice straw (RS). We used RS (1) without (Con) or with additives of (2) 5% urea (U), (3) 9% CSL and 2.5% urea (CU), and (4) 9% CSL and 5% urea (C5U). The result showed that the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) conversion of RS reached 69.32% after C5U pre-treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed that the surface of pre-treated RS exposed more cellulose and hemicellulose due to the disruption of the resistant structure of lignocellulose. Pre-treated RS significantly decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and increased crude protein (CP) content, microbial colonization, and induction of Carnobacterium and Staphylococcus attachment. Altogether, we concluded that pre-treatment of a combination of CSL and urea has the potential to improve the nutritive value of RS.

SUBMITTER: Ma Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9326473 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw.

Ma Yulin Y Chen Xu X Khan Muhammad Zahoor MZ Xiao Jianxin J Alugongo Gibson Maswayi GM Liu Shuai S Wang Jingjun J Cao Zhijun Z

Frontiers in microbiology 20220713

A novel pre-treatment using corn steep liquor (CSL) and urea was developed to enhance the enzymatic saccharification and degradability of rice straw (RS). We used RS (1) without (Con) or with additives of (2) 5% urea (U), (3) 9% CSL and 2.5% urea (CU), and (4) 9% CSL and 5% urea (C5U). The result showed that the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) conversion of RS reached 69.32% after C5U pre-treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray di ...[more]

PMID: 35910632

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Project description:BackgroundRice straw and husk are globally significant sources of cellulose-rich biomass and there is great interest in converting them to bioethanol. However, rice husk is reportedly much more recalcitrant than rice straw and produces larger quantities of fermentation inhibitors. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying differences between rice straw and rice husk with reference to the composition of the pre-treatment liquors and their impacts on saccharification and fermentation. This has been carried out by developing quantitative NMR screening methods.ResultsAir-dried rice husk and rice straw from the same cultivar were used as substrates. Carbohydrate compositions were similar, whereas lignin contents differed significantly (husk: 35.3% w/w of raw material; straw 22.1% w/w of raw material). Substrates were hydrothermally pre-treated with high-pressure microwave processing across a wide range of severities. 25 compounds were identified from the liquors of both pre-treated rice husk and rice straw. However, the quantities of compounds differed between the two substrates. Fermentation inhibitors such as 5-HMF and 2-FA were highest in husk liquors, and formic acid was higher in straw liquors. At a pre-treatment severity of 3.65, twice as much ethanol was produced from rice straw (14.22% dry weight of substrate) compared with the yield from rice husk (7.55% dry weight of substrate). Above severities of 5, fermentation was inhibited in both straw and husk. In addition to inhibitors, high levels of cellulase-inhibiting xylo-oligomers and xylose were found and at much higher concentrations in rice husk liquor. At low severities, organic acids and related intracellular metabolites were released into the liquor.ConclusionsRice husk recalcitrance to saccharification is probably due to the much higher levels of lignin and, from other studies, likely high levels of silica. Therefore, if highly polluting chemical pre-treatments and multi-step biorefining processes are to be avoided, rice husk may need to be improved through selective breeding strategies, although more careful control of pre-treatment may be sufficient to reduce the levels of fermentation inhibitors, e.g. through steam explosion-induced volatilisation. For rice straw, pre-treating at severities of between 3.65 and 4.25 would give a glucose yield of between 37.5 and 40% (w/DW, dry weight of the substrate) close to the theoretical yield of 44.1% w/DW, and an insignificant yield of total inhibitors.

Project description:BackgroundCarbon and nitrogen are essential energy and nutrient substances in the composting process. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is rich in soluble carbon and nitrogen nutrients and active substances and is widely used in the biological industry. Nonetheless, limited research has been done on the effect of CSL on composting. This work firstly reveals the effect of adding CSL to bacterial community composition and carbon and nitrogen conversion during composting. This study provides the choice of auxiliary materials for the spent mushroom substrate compost (SMS) and some novel knowledge about the effect of bacterial community on C and N cycling during composting of SMS and CSL. Two treatments were set up in the experiment: 100% spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as CK and SMS + 0.5% CSL (v/v) as CP.ResultsThe results showed that the addition of CSL enhanced the initial carbon and nitrogen content of the compost, altered the bacterial community structure, and increased the bacterial diversity and relative abundance, which might be beneficial to the conversion and retention of carbon and nitrogen in the composting process. In this paper, network analysis was used to screen the core bacteria involved in carbon and nitrogen conversion. In the CP network, the core bacteria were divided into two categories, synthesizing and degrading bacteria, and there were more synthesizing bacteria than degrading bacteria, so the degradation and synthesis of organic matter were carried out simultaneously, while only degrading bacteria were found in the CK network. Functional prediction by Faprotax identified 53 groups of functional bacteria, among which 20 (76.68% abundance) and 14 (13.15% abundance) groups of functional bacteria were related to carbon and nitrogen conversion, respectively. Adding CSL stimulated the compensatory effect of core and functional bacteria, enhanced the carbon and nitrogen transformation ability, stimulated the activity of low-abundance bacteria, and reduced the competitive relationship between the bacterial groups. This may be why the addition of CSL accelerated the organic matter degradation and increased carbon and nitrogen preservation.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the addition of CSL promoted the cycling and preservation of carbon and nitrogen in the SMS composts, and the addition of CSL to the compost may be an effective way to dispose of agricultural waste.

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Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw.

Publications

Effect of the Combining Corn Steep Liquor and Urea Pre-treatment on Biodegradation and Hydrolysis of Rice Straw.

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