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Lymphocyte Population Changes at Two Time Points during the Acute Period of COVID-19 Infection.

ABSTRACT: We previously observed an increase of serum interleukins (IL) and a reduction of most lymphocyte subpopulations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in serum IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels and cytometric lymphocyte profiles in 144 COVID-19 patients at admission and after one week, also in relation to steroid treatment before hospitalization. After one week of hospitalization, we found that: (i) total lymphocytes were increased in all patients; (ii) neutrophils and IL-6 were reduced in mild/moderate patients; (iii) B lymphocytes were increased in severe patients; (iv) T lymphocyte populations increased in mild/moderate patients. In the eight patients that died during hospitalization, total leukocytes increased while T, T helper, T cytotoxic, T regulatory, and NK lymphocytes showed a reducing trend in five of the eight patients. Even if seven days are too few to evaluate the adaptive immunity of patients, we found that the steroid therapy was associated with a reduced COVID-19 inflammation and cytokine activation only in patients with severe disease, while in patients with less severe disease, the steroid therapy seems to have immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte populations, and this could hamper the antiviral response. A better knowledge of cytokine and lymphocyte alterations in each COVID-19 patient could be useful to plan better treatment with steroids or cytokine targeting.

SUBMITTER: Scalia G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9329935 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lymphocyte Population Changes at Two Time Points during the Acute Period of COVID-19 Infection.

Scalia Giulia G Raia Maddalena M Gelzo Monica M Cacciapuoti Sara S Rosa Annunziata De A Pinchera Biagio B Scotto Riccardo R Tripodi Lorella L Mormile Mauro M Fabbrocini Gabriella G Gentile Ivan I Parrella Roberto R Castaldo Giuseppe G Scialò Filippo F

Journal of clinical medicine 20220725 15

We previously observed an increase of serum interleukins (IL) and a reduction of most lymphocyte subpopulations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in serum IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A levels and cytometric lymphocyte profiles in 144 COVID-19 patients at admission and after one week, also in relation to steroid treatment before hospitalization. After one week of hospitalization, we found that: (i) total lymphocytes were increased in all patients; (ii) neutroph ...[more]

PMID: 35893398

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Project description:IntroductionCOVID-19 infection is associated with post-acute adverse outcomes affecting multiple organ systems. Although preliminary studies have suggested that COVID-19 re-infection may have a cumulative effect on long-term outcome, differential effects of COVID-19 re-infection severe enough to be hospitalised on post-acute sequelae compared with hospitalised first-time infection have not been explored.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using territory-wide electronic medical records databases in Hong Kong. Adults hospitalised with COVID-19 between 1 January and 30 November 2022, who survived the first 28 days after infection and was discharged, were categorised into re-infection and first-time infection groups. Individuals with reinfection were compared with those with first-time infection for all-cause mortality, all-cause hospital readmission, attendance to the emergency department and complications during the post-acute period using propensity-score-weighted Cox regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age (<65 and ≥65 years), sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (0-4, ≥5), COVID-19 vaccination (0-1, 2+doses) and hospitalisation status of previous infection.Results2244 patients with hospitalised COVID-19 re-infection and 58 894 patients with hospitalised first-time COVID-19 infection were included. After a median follow-up of 170 days, re-infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of post-acute all-cause mortality compared with first-time infection (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.366 (1.166 to 1.600); incidence rate (95% CI): 7.3 (7.1 to 7.5) vs 4.6 (4.4 to 4.7) per 10 000 person-days), all-cause hospital readmission (1.297 (1.200 to 1.403); 50.5 (49.8 to 51.1) vs 28.1 (27.8 to 28.5)), and attendance to emergency departments (1.307 (1.199 to 1.425); 35.4 (34.8 to 35.9) vs 21.9 (21.6 to 22.2)). Findings were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, health status and vaccination status. A greater magnitude of increased risk was observed especially among those hospitalised during a previous infection.ConclusionAmong patients with COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation, COVID-19 re-infection was associated with increased post-acute mortality and morbidity compared with first-time infection. Further studies are warranted to delineate the effects on complications.

Dataset Information

Lymphocyte Population Changes at Two Time Points during the Acute Period of COVID-19 Infection.

Publications

Lymphocyte Population Changes at Two Time Points during the Acute Period of COVID-19 Infection.

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