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Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

ABSTRACT: The concept of liquid biopsy as an analysis tool for non-solid tissue carried out for the purpose of providing information about solid tumors was introduced approximately 20 years ago. Additional to the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the liquid biopsy approach quickly included the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and other tumor-derived markers such as circulating cell-free RNA or extracellular vesicles. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive technique for detecting multiple cancer-associated biomarkers that is easy to obtain and can reflect the characteristics of the entire tumor mass. Currently, ctDNA is the key component of the liquid biopsy approach from the point of view of the prognosis assessment, prediction, and monitoring of the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. ctDNA in NSCLC patients carries variants or rearrangements that drive carcinogenesis, such as those in EGFR, KRAS, ALK, or ROS1. Due to advances in pharmacology, these variants are the subject of targeted therapy. Therefore, the detection of these variants has gained attention in clinical medicine. Recently, methods based on qPCR (ddPCR, BEAMing) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are the most effective approaches for ctDNA analysis. This review addresses various aspects of the use of liquid biopsy with an emphasis on ctDNA as a biomarker in NSCLC patients.

SUBMITTER: Pesta M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9330570 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Pesta Martin M Shetti Dattatrya D Kulda Vlastimil V Knizkova Tereza T Houfkova Katerina K Bagheri Mahyar Sharif MS Svaton Martin M Polivka Jiri J

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 20220725 8

The concept of liquid biopsy as an analysis tool for non-solid tissue carried out for the purpose of providing information about solid tumors was introduced approximately 20 years ago. Additional to the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the liquid biopsy approach quickly included the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and other tumor-derived markers such as circulating cell-free RNA or extracellular vesicles. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive technique for detecting multiple canc ...[more]

PMID: 35892510

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Project description:Background and objectiveLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and constitutes a significant societal burden. Recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapy have considerably broadened therapeutic options in lung cancer, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these novel methods necessitate sophisticated molecular diagnostics. Liquid biopsy, which refers to the cytological and molecular analysis of cancer markers shed by the tumor into the body fluids, may offer an attractive diagnostic tool at the individual patient level. This approach is particularly relevant for lung cancer, as the anatomical location of tumor lesions frequently makes them inaccessible for tissue biopsy. Apart from minimal invasiveness, the major advantages of liquid biopsy include better reflection of the tumor clonal heterogeneity (spatial heterogeneity), the possibility of sequential sampling, and real-time monitoring of tumor load and its evolving mutational status (temporal heterogeneity).MethodsThis article reviews the available data in this field, current applications, and future perspectives in accordance with the Narrative Review reporting rules.Key content and findingsWe discuss the most used approaches, i.e., circulating DNA and tumor cells, but also emerging liquid biopsy techniques, such as plasma DNA methylation, plasma metabolites and RNA, extracellular vesicles, and tumor-educated platelets in NSCLC. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of liquid biopsy techniques hampering their clinical applications.ConclusionsDue to their advantages, liquid biopsy-based approaches have recently gained immense interest in oncology. Potential applications of this method include early detection, informing precision medicine-based individualized treatment, and real-time monitoring of disease evolution and treatment. The development of next-generation sequencing has vastly extended genetic profiling, thus enabling better identification of druggable alterations. However, the clinical application of liquid biopsy techniques is still limited due to their suboptimal specificity and sensitivity, lack of standardization, and relatively high costs. Addressing these issues may allow further integration of liquid biopsies in the routine clinical setting, thus making a profound and permanent change in NSCLC management.

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Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Publications

Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

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