Anxiety, fear, panic: An approach to assessing the defensive behavior system across the predatory imminence continuum.

ABSTRACT: In order to effectively thwart predation, antipredator defensive behaviors must be matched to the current spatio-temporal relationship to the predator. We have proposed a model where different defensive responses are organized along a predatory imminence continuum (PIC). The PIC is a behavior system organized as a sequence of innately programmed behavioral modes, each representing a different interaction with the predator or threat. Ranging from low threat to predator contact, the PIC categorizes defense modes as pre-encounter, post-encounter, and circa-strike, corresponding to states of anxiety, fear, and panic, respectively. This experiment examined if the same significant stressor caused overexpression of all defensive responses along the PIC, including anxiety-like behavior, freezing,

SUBMITTER: Hoffman AN 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9343476 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature