Hypoxia-induced polypoid giant cancer cells in glioma promote the transformation of tumor-associated macrophages to a tumor-supportive phenotype.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

Polypoid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) represent a unique subgroup of stem-like cells, acting as a critical factor in promoting the recurrence of various solid tumors. The effect of PGCCs on the tumor malignancy of glioma and its immune microenvironment remains unclear.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. The spatial location of M2 TAMs in GBM was also investigated using the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) database. PGCCs were quantified in glioma of different grades. CoCl₂ was used to induce PGCCs in cultures of A172 cells. PGCCs, and their progeny cells in cultures were further evaluated for morphological fe

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9344088 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature