Dataset Information

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT: Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

SUBMITTER: Kays R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9347782 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Kays Roland R Cove Michael V MV Diaz Jose J Todd Kimberly K Bresnan Claire C Snider Matt M Lee Thomas E TE Jasper Jonathan G JG Douglas Brianna B Crupi Anthony P AP Weiss Katherine C B KCB Rowe Helen H Sprague Tiffany T Schipper Jan J Lepczyk Christopher A CA Fantle-Lepczyk Jean E JE Davenport Jon J Zimova Marketa M Farris Zach Z Williamson Jacque J Fisher-Reid M Caitlin MC Rezendes Drew D King Sean M SM Chrysafis Petros P Jensen Alex J AJ Jachowski David S DS King Katherine C KC Herrera Daniel J DJ Moore Sophie S van der Merwe Marius M Lombardi Jason V JV Sergeyev Maksim M Tewes Michael E ME Horan Robert V RV Rentz Michael S MS Driver Ace A Brandt La Roy S E RSE Nagy Christopher C Alexander Peter P Maher Sean P SP Darracq Andrea K AK Barr Evan G EG Hess George G Webb Stephen L SL Proctor Mike D MD Vanek John P JP Lafferty Diana J R DJR Hubbard Tru T Jiménez Jaime E JE McCain Craig C Favreau Jorie J Fogarty Jack J Hill Jacob J Hammerich Steven S Gray Morgan M Rega-Brodsky Christine C CC Durbin Caleb C Flaherty Elizabeth A EA Brooke Jarred J Coster Stephanie S SS Lathrop Richard G RG Russell Katarina K Bogan Daniel A DA Shamon Hila H Rooney Brigit B Rockhill Aimee A Lonsinger Robert C RC O'Mara M Teague MT Compton Justin A JA Barthelmess Erika L EL Andy Katherine E KE Belant Jerrold L JL Petroelje Tyler T Wehr Nathaniel H NH Beyer Dean E DE Scognamillo Daniel G DG Schalk Chris C Day Kara K Ellison Caroline N CN Ruthven Chip C Nunley Blaine B Fritts Sarah S Whittier Christopher A CA Neiswenter Sean A SA Pelletier Robert R DeGregorio Brett A BA Kuprewicz Erin K EK Davis Miranda L ML Baruzzi Carolina C Lashley Marcus A MA McDonald Brandon B Mason David D Risch Derek R DR Allen Maximilian L ML Whipple Laura S LS Sperry Jinelle H JH Alexander Emmarie E Wolff Patrick J PJ Hagen Robert H RH Mortelliti Alessio A Bolinjcar Amay A Wilson Andrew M AM Van Norman Scott S Powell Cailey C Coletto Henry H Schauss Martha M Bontrager Helen H Beasley James J Ellis-Felege Susan N SN Wehr Samuel R SR Giery Sean T ST Pekins Charles E CE LaRose Summer H SH Revord Ronald S RS Hansen Christopher P CP Hansen Lonnie L Millspaugh Joshua J JJ Zorn Adam A Gerber Brian D BD Rezendes Kylie K Adley Jessie J Sevin Jennifer J Green Austin M AM Şekercioğlu Çağan H ÇH Pendergast Mary E ME Mullen Kayleigh K Bird Tori T Edelman Andrew J AJ Romero Andrea A O'Neill Brian J BJ Schmitz Noel N Vandermus Rebecca A RA Alston Jesse M JM Kuhn Kellie M KM Hasstedt Steven C SC Lesmeister Damon B DB Appel Cara L CL Rota Christopher C Stenglein Jennifer L JL Anhalt-Depies Christine C Nelson Carrie L CL Long Robert A RA Remine Kathryn R KR Jordan Mark J MJ Elbroch L Mark LM Bergman Dylan D Cendejas-Zarelli Sara S Sager-Fradkin Kim K Conner Mike M Morris Gail G Parsons Elizabeth E Hernández-Yáñez Haydée H McShea William J WJ

Ecology 20220724 10

Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of ...[more]

PMID: 35661139

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Project description:ImportanceInequalities in preterm infant mortality exist between population subgroups within the United States.ObjectiveTo characterize trends in preterm infant mortality by maternal race and socioeconomic status to assess how inequalities in preterm mortality rates have changed over time.Design, setting, and participantsThis was a retrospective longitudinal descriptive study using the US National Center for Health Statistics birth infant/death data set for 12 256 303 preterm infant births over 26 years, between 1995 and 2020. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to March 2023.ExposuresMaternal characteristics including race, smoking status, educational attainment, antenatal care, and insurance status were used as reported on an infant's US birth certificate.Main outcomes and measuresPreterm infant mortality rate was calculated for each year from 1995 to 2020 for all subgroups, with a trend regression coefficient calculated to describe the rate of change in preterm mortality.ResultsThe average US preterm infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased from 33.71 (95% CI, 33.71 to 34.04) per 1000 preterm births per year between 1995-1997, to 23.32 (95% CI, 23.05 to 23.58) between 2018-2020. Black non-Hispanic infants were more likely to die following preterm births than White non-Hispanic infants (IMR, 31.09; 95% CI, 30.44 to 31.74, vs 21.81; 95% CI, 21.43 to 22.18, in 2018-2020); however, once born, extremely prematurely Black and Hispanic infants had a narrow survival advantage (IMR rate ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.91, in 2018-2020). The rate of decrease in preterm IMR was higher in Black infants (-0.015) than in White (-0.013) and Hispanic infants (-0.010); however, the relative risk of preterm IMR among Black infants compared with White infants remained the same between 1995-1997 vs 2018-2020 (relative risk, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.44, vs 1.43; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.46). The rate of decrease in preterm IMR was higher in nonsmokers compared with smokers (-0.015 vs -0.010, respectively), in those with high levels of education compared with those with intermediate or low (-0.016 vs - 0.010 or -0.011, respectively), and in those who had received adequate antenatal care compared with those who did not (-0.014 vs -0.012 for intermediate and -0.013 for inadequate antenatal care). Over time, the relative risk of preterm mortality widened within each of these subgroups.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that between 1995 and 2020, US preterm infant mortality improved among all categories of prematurity. Inequalities in preterm infant mortality based on maternal race and ethnicity have remained constant while socioeconomic disparities have widened over time.

Project description:BackgroundIn the past decades, agricultural land abandonment and declining land-use intensity became common, especially in the Mediterranean countries of southern Europe. In some areas, this development opened up possibilities for rewilding and the recolonisation or expansion of large mammal populations. Yet, in some instances, co-occurrence of wild mammals and free-ranging domestic herbivores might lead to potential conflicts. It is, therefore, necessary to study the ecological interactions between wild and domestic mammal species to understand the effects of land abandonment and rewilding on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Camera traps are an effective tool for studying species interactions and occupancy dynamics as they allow for long-term monitoring with minimal interference. We conducted a long-term monitoring programme with camera traps in the Peneda-Gerês National Park in northern Portugal. The area has undergone substantial land-use changes following the abandonment of agricultural areas in the past 60 years. While agro-pastoral activities, especially the breeding of free-ranging horses and cattle, are still common in the area, the intensity of these activities has decreased significantly, promoting natural succession and an increase or return of several large mammal species in recent years. Overall, our project aims at: (1) assessing the population trends of the medium and large sized mammals in the area over time; (2) analysing the effects of passive rewilding on occurrence, abundance and behaviour; and (3) understanding potential interactions or conflicts between wild and domestic herbivores. In this publication, we present results of a primary occupancy analysis between 2015 and 2020, as well as a comparison between occupancy and density estimates for 2019.New informationOur publication provides a dataset from long-term camera-trap monitoring in the Peneda-Gerês National Park between 2015 and 2021. We established a 16 km² grid of 64 cameras deployed yearly during the summer months. Together with this publication, we publish the data and images collected between 2015 and 2021, using both the Camtrap DP standard and the GBIF Darwin Event Core. We obtained a total of 934,810 pictures on 41,234 trap nights. The pictures were automatically grouped into sequences with each sequence representing a distinct occurrence event, resulting in 80,191 occurrences. Out of those, 14,442 contained observations of a species, while the remaining were either blank or the species was not identifiable. We only obtained the information whether a species was present or absent on a picture, disregarding the number of individuals. Most observations were of domestic cattle (Bostaurus) and horses (Equuscaballus), followed by European roe deer (Capreoluscapreolus) and wild boar (Susscrofa). Further observations include red fox (Vulpesvulpes), gray wolf (Canislupus), Eurasian badger (Melesmeles), stone marten (Martesfoina), common genet (Genettagenetta), Iberian ibex (Caprapyrenaica) and red deer (Cervuselaphus). We estimated occupancy and densities for the most common species. The project is on-going and additional data will be included in the future. The dataset is freely available for ecological analysis, but also for training machine-learning systems in automated image classification as all pictures have been manually classified.

Dataset Information

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publications

SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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