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Structural basis for inhibition and regulation of a chitin synthase from Candida albicans.


ABSTRACT: Chitin is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitin synthases (Chss) catalyze chitin formation and translocation across the membrane and are targets of antifungal agents, including nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D. Lack of structural insights into the action of these inhibitors on Chs has hampered their further development to the clinic. We present the cryo-EM structures of Chs2 from Candida albicans (CaChs2) in the apo, substrate-bound, nikkomycin Z-bound, and polyoxin D-bound states. CaChs2 adopts a unique domain-swapped dimer configuration where a conserved motif in the domain-swapped region controls enzyme activity. CaChs2 has a dual regulation mechanism where the chitin translocation tunnel is closed by the extracellular gate and plugged by a lipid molecule in the apo state to prevent non-specific leak. Analyses of substrate and inhibitor binding provide insights into the chemical logic of Chs inhibition, which can guide Chs-targeted antifungal development.

SUBMITTER: Ren Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9359617 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural basis for inhibition and regulation of a chitin synthase from Candida albicans.

Ren Zhenning Z   Chhetri Abhishek A   Guan Ziqiang Z   Suo Yang Y   Yokoyama Kenichi K   Lee Seok-Yong SY  

Nature structural & molecular biology 20220704 7


Chitin is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitin synthases (Chss) catalyze chitin formation and translocation across the membrane and are targets of antifungal agents, including nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D. Lack of structural insights into the action of these inhibitors on Chs has hampered their further development to the clinic. We present the cryo-EM structures of Chs2 from Candida albicans (CaChs2) in the apo, substrate-bound, nikkomycin Z-bound, and polyoxin D-bound states. C  ...[more]

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