Dataset Information

COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

Individual-level COVID-19 vaccination and related preventive health behaviors is politically polarized in the United States. We examined whether the current polarization in COVID-19 health behavior may be explained by differences in trust in healthcare, locus of control, or insurance status.

Subject and methods

Our sample includes 553 US adults recruited on Amazon MTurk. We assessed odds ratios of currently vaccinated, or willing to be vaccinated if unvaccinated using logistic regression. We assessed count of routine changes and positive attitudes toward facemasks using negative binomial regression.

Results

Trust in healthcare was found to be an important determinant of all COVID-19 related health behavior measured in our study. Further, the effects on COVID-related attitudes/behavior from trust in healthcare are large in magnitude. For instance, our results suggest that individuals at or above the upper quartile of trust in healthcare are around 20 percentage points more likely to be vaccinated than those at or below the lower quartile. Further, we find that the effect of trust in healthcare on adherence or endorsement of COVID-19 mitigation strategies is distinct from political affiliation, i.e., the effect on COVID-19 related health behavior is independent of the polarization across political party lines. Locus of control was not associated with adherence/attitude toward COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Insurance status was only found to be positively associated with odds of being vaccinated.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the importance of increasing trust in healthcare as a means to protect public health in the wake of major public health crises.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01737-9.

SUBMITTER: Tabler J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9361898 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

Tabler Jennifer J Snyder Jamie A JA White Clair C Freng Adrienne A Thunström Linda L

Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health 20220806

<h4>Aim</h4>Individual-level COVID-19 vaccination and related preventive health behaviors is politically polarized in the United States. We examined whether the current polarization in COVID-19 health behavior may be explained by differences in trust in healthcare, locus of control, or insurance status.<h4>Subject and methods</h4>Our sample includes 553 US adults recruited on Amazon MTurk. We assessed odds ratios of currently vaccinated, or willing to be vaccinated if unvaccinated using logistic ...[more]

PMID: 35968051

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Project description:BackgroundKnowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 can directly impact healthcare workers' (HCWs) services and efforts to contain the spread of the disease. This study assessed KAP towards COVID-19 among HCWs (laboratorians, doctors, nurses and pharmacists) in Nigeria from August to December 2022.MethodA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1341 HCWs (laboratorians, doctors, nurses and pharmacists) in 7 healthcare facilities across 3 states in Nigeria. HCWs were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire including sociodemographic and health information, and KAP sections was administered to participants. Using Bloom's cut-off, percentages of correct responses to KAP questions were grouped as either satisfactory (≥80%) or unsatisfactory (<80%). Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between HCWs' cadre and satisfactory KAP.ResultsThe proportions of HCW with satisfactory KAP were 64.5%, 51.2% and 5.3%, respectively. Laboratorians had the lowest satisfactory KAP scores (59.4%, 45.9% and 2.0%). There was a weak linear relationship between knowledge and practice (r=0.1, p:0.03), knowledge and attitude (r=0.2, p<0.001), and attitude and practice scores (r=0.20, p<0.001). 6-10 years of practice increased HCWs' odds of satisfactory knowledge (p=0.049). HCWs' cadre was not significantly associated with knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 (P>.05). However, nurses compared to laboratorians had higher odds of satisfactory attitude (p:0.033). Socio-demographic factors associated with satisfactory attitude towards COVID-19 were age group, gender, marital status, vaccination status, and satisfactory knowledge (p<.05). Satisfactory attitude and marital status were associated with satisfactory practice (p<.05).ConclusionThere are gaps in the practice of COVID-19 prevention among HCWs in Nigeria. Additional exploration is needed to understand the challenges of implementing safety protocols across cadres, particularly among laboratorians, to better handle future health emergencies. This study highlights the implementation strategies that include education and training, provision of personal protective equipment and clear guidelines for implementation of infection prevention and control practices.

Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest viral pandemic of the 21st century. We aimed to study COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among medical and health sciences students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). We performed a cross-sectional study between 2 June and 19 August 2020. The survey was distributed online using Survey Monkey. It was conducted in English and comprised two parts: socio-demographic characteristics, and KAP towards COVID-19. 712 responses to the questionnaire were collected. 90% of respondents (n = 695) were undergraduate students, while 10% (n = 81) were postgraduates. The majority (87%, n = 647) stated that they obtained COVID-19 information from multiple reliable sources. They were highly knowledgeable about the COVID-19 pandemic, but 76% (n = 539) did not recognize its routes of transmission. Medical students were significantly more knowledgeable compared with allied health students (P<0.0001, Mann Whitney U test) but there was no difference in knowledge between undergraduate and postgraduate students (P = 0.14, Mann Whitney U test). Medical students thought that more could be done to mitigate the COVID-19 situation compared with the allied health students (66.2% compared with 51.6%, p = 0.002 Fisher's Exact test). 63% (n = 431) were worried about getting COVID-19 infection, while 92% (n = 633)) were worried that a family member could be infected with the virus. 97% (n = 655) took precautions when accepting home deliveries, 94% (n = 637) had been washing their hands more frequently, and 95% (n = 643) had been wearing face masks. In conclusion, medical and health sciences students in the UAE showed high levels of knowledge and good attitudes and practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they were worried about themselves or their family members becoming infected. Medical students had more knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic which was reflected in their opinion that more can be done to mitigate its effects.

Project description:AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented health crisis around the world, not least because of its heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. The new information on the pandemic emerging daily has made it challenging for healthcare workers (HCWs) to stay current with the latest knowledge, which could influence their attitudes and practices during patient care.This study is a follow-up evaluation of changes in HCWs' knowledge, attitudes, and practices as well as anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic. Data were collected through an anonymous, predesigned, self-administered questionnaire that was sent online to HCWs in Saudi Arabia.The questionnaire was sent to 1500 HCWs, with a 63.8% response rate (N = 957). The majority of respondents were female (83%), and the most common age group was 31 to 40 years (52.2%). Nurses constituted 86.3% of the respondents. HCWs reported higher anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic which increased from 4.91 ± 2.84 to 8.6 ± 2.27 on an 11-point Likert scale compared to other viral outbreaks. HCWs believed that their own preparedness as well as that of their hospital's intensive care unit or emergency room was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic (2012-2015). About 58% of HCWs attended one or more simulations concerning the management of COVID-19 patients in their intensive care unit/emergency room, and nearly all had undergone N95 mask fit testing. The mean score of HCWs' knowledge of COVID-19 was 9.89/12. For most respondents (94.6%), the perception of being at increased risk of infection was the main cause of anxiety related to COVID-19; the mean score of anxiety over COVID-19 increased from 4.91 ± 2.84 before to 8.6 ± 2.27 during the pandemic in Saudi Arabia.HCWs' anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 have increased since a pandemic was declared. It is vital that healthcare facilities provide more emotional and psychological support for all HCWs.

Dataset Information

COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

Aim

Subject and methods

Results

Conclusion

Supplementary information

Publications

COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare.

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