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Role of T Lymphocyte Activation Profile in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Severity: Experience from Tertiary Care Centre of North India.


ABSTRACT:

Background

Immune dysregulation plays a key role in determining COVID-19 disease severity. We aimed to analyze the T cell activation profile in COVID - 19 cases and its predictive role in disease severity and outcome.

Material & methods

This was a prospective observational pilot study from a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital. Peripheral blood samples obtained between the fifth and seventh day of COVID-19 illness, were subjected to lymphocyte subset analysis using multicolor flowcytometry using a single tube, 8 antibodies (CD45, CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD38, HLADR, and CD56) analysis. Correlation between lymphocyte subset analysis and clinical profile was determined.

Results

26 patients including 11 with mild disease and 15 with severe disease were enrolled. The median age was 58 years (range: 33-81), with a male: female ratio of 1.36:1. Significant lymphopenia was observed in the severe group compared to the mild group (p < 0.02). The absolute numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and NK cells were significantly reduced in the severe group as compared to the mild group (p < 0.05). In patients with severe disease, the proportion of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells were significantly higher than those in patients with mild disease (p = 0.0372). Using ROC analysis, a CD4:8 T cell ratio of ≥ 2.63 and an activated (CD38 + HLA-DR+) CD8 T cell proportion of > 15.85% of the total CD8 T cell population, significantly determined the severe disease category.

Conclusions

Severe COVID-19 is associated with severe lymphopenia, altered CD4/CD8 ratio and markedly increased CD8 T cell activation profile.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-022-01558-6.

SUBMITTER: Gupta A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9362977 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of T Lymphocyte Activation Profile in Predicting SARS-CoV-2 Severity: Experience from Tertiary Care Centre of North India.

Gupta Anshul A   Pandharipande Archit A   Gupta Mansi M   Hashim Zia Z   Sanjeev   Chauhan Priyanka P   Gupta Ruchi R   Chandra Dinesh D   Singh Manish Kumar MK   Kashyap Rajesh R   Rahman Khaliqur K  

Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion 20220809 1


<h4>Background</h4>Immune dysregulation plays a key role in determining COVID-19 disease severity. We aimed to analyze the T cell activation profile in COVID - 19 cases and its predictive role in disease severity and outcome.<h4>Material & methods</h4>This was a prospective observational pilot study from a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital. Peripheral blood samples obtained between the fifth and seventh day of COVID-19 illness, were subjected to lymphocyte subset analysis using multicolor flowcyto  ...[more]

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