Mycoplasma pneumoniae beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: where is it?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Meyer Sauteur PM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9371584 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Mycoplasma pneumoniae beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: where is it?
Meyer Sauteur Patrick M PM Chalker Victoria J VJ Berger Christoph C Nir-Paz Ran R Beeton Michael L ML
The Lancet. Microbe 20220811 12
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Project description:BackgroundsMycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen causing respiratory diseases in children. This study aimed to characterize epidemiological and disease severity shifts of M. pneumoniae: infections in Guangzhou, China during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThroat swab samples were obtained from 5405 hospitalized patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infections to detect M. pneumoniae. Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of M. pneumoniae: infections were investigated during 2020-2022 and after COVID-19 pandemic (2023).ResultsM. pneumoniae were detected in 849 (15.6%, 849/5405) patients. The highest annual positive rate was 29.4% (754/2570) in 2023, followed by 5.3% (72/1367) in 2022, 1.2% (12/1015) in 2021, and 2.0% (11/553) in 2020, with significantly increasing annual prevalence from 2020 to 2023. M. pneumoniae incidence peaked between July and December post-COVID-19 pandemic in 2023, with the highest monthly positive rate (56.4%, 165/293). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with M. pneumoniae did not vary between periods during and after COVID-19 pandemic except that patients with M. pneumoniae post-COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop fever. Patients with severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) were more likely to develop respiratory complications, myocardial damage, and gastrointestinal dysfunction than those with non-SMPP. Patients with SMPP had lower lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and higher IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 levels than those with non-SMPP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens from infected patients were obtained to identify macrolide resistance mutations. Macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) proportion in 2023 was 91.1% (215/236).ConclusionOutbreaks of M. pneumoniae: occurred in Guangzhou, China in 2023 upon Non-pharmaceutical interventions easing. Despite the increasing incidence of M. pneumoniae, the disease severity remained similar during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
| S-EPMC11318190 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Epidemics occur every 3-7 years especially in pediatric patients. We collected data from a large laboratory network in Germany to define the epidemiological dynamics in the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic period.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study we included all patients that obtained targeted or multiplex PCR for M. pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum or bronchoalveolar fluids from 2015 to 2024. Demographic data (age, sex, place of residence, in- or outpatient status) were compared between M. pneumoniae positive and negative patients and co-infections with bacterial or viral pathogens analyzed.ResultsWe screened 38,204 patients for M. pneumoniae. We identified 1448 cases (3.8%) of M. pneumoniae (48.8% females). Pediatric patients ≤ 18 years represented 75.7% of M. pneumoniae patients and 2.3% were ≥ 60 years. Incidence of M. pneumoniae increased in fourth quartile 2015 (16.2%), second quartile 2018 (14.8%) and fourth quartile 2023 (13.4%). No cases were detected during COVID-19 pandemic 2021. Young age (aOR 0.98 95%-CI 0.97-0.98), outpatient status (aOR 0.56 95%-CI 0.43-0.71) and year of testing (OR dependent on year of testing) were predictors of M. pneumoniae detection in multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). We observed a significant increase in outpatients with M. pneumoniae after COVID-19 pandemic (86.7 vs. 96.5%, p = < 0.001, aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.4).ConclusionsEmpirical treatment of CAP patients often does not include coverage of M. pneumoniae. A more thorough implementation of available surveillance data into clinical routine, respective therapies could be adapted more quickly during epidemic outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infections.
| S-EPMC11884198 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections decreased in Ohio, USA, during the COVID-19 pandemic but reemerged in 2023; >2,000 cases were reported during September 2023--September 2024. Of 995 M. pneumoniae-positive samples, 24 (2.4%) had mutations for macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMp). MRMp rates are low but increasing. MRMp surveillance is crucial for monitoring antimicrobial resistance.
| S-EPMC11878328 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Social restrictions effectively interrupted the typical respiratory virus circulation. The aim of this report is to describe how atypical pneumonia bacteria detections have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finnish children. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae findings were gathered from the National Infectious Diseases Register from 2015 to 2021 and stratified into three age groups (0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years). Incidences per 100,000 children were calculated and 2020 and 2021 was compared to the mean incidence of reference years (2015-2019) by incidence rate ratios. B. pertussis incidence was 32% lower in 2020 and 88% lower in 2021 compared to reference years. C. pneumoniae detections decreased rapidly in 2020 and not a single detection of C. pneumoniae was reported to the register in 2021. M. pneumoniae incidence was 72% lower in 2020 and 89% lower in 2021 than in the reference years. All these findings were seen in all age groups. As the incidences of B. pertussis, C. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae detections have been low throughout the pandemic, it seems that the social restrictions have been effective in preventing the spreading of these respiratory bacteria in children.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42399-022-01251-9.
| S-EPMC9281357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections emerged during spring to summer yearly in Taiwan, but infections were few during the pandemic. M. pneumoniae macrolide resistance soared to 85.7% in 2020 but declined to 0% during 2022-2023. Continued molecular surveillance is necessary to monitor trends in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae.
| S-EPMC11286047 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of M. pneumoniae, with an interval of 5 months between their peaks. The hospitalization rate was higher, with infections caused by respiratory viruses compared to M. pneumoniae. Though the pediatric hospitalization rate of respiratory viruses (66.1%) was higher than that of M. pneumoniae (34.0%), the 4094 cases of M. pneumoniae within 6 months posed a huge burden on healthcare services. Multivariate analysis revealed that M. pneumoniae-infected adults had more fatigue, comorbidities, and higher serum C-reactive protein, whereas children had a higher incidence of other respiratory pathogens detected by tNGS or pathogen-specific PCR, fever, and were more likely to be female. A total of 85% of M. pneumoniae-positive specimens had mutations detected at the 23rRNA gene, with 99.7% showing A2063G mutation. Days to defervescence were longer in those not treated by effective antibiotics and those requiring a change in antibiotic treatment. A delayed but significant rebound of M. pneumoniae was observed after the complete relaxation of pandemic control measures. No unusual, unexplained, or unresponsive cases of respiratory infections which warrant further investigation were identified.
| S-EPMC10967482 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST1055 | biostudies-other
Project description:In the UK, discussion of good citizenship during the COVID-19 pandemic largely focused on compliance and non-compliance with government rules. In this paper, we offer an alternative point of focus. Pandemic governance proceeded not only through rules/morality, but also through freedom/ethics. Good citizenship, therefore, involved practical reasoning in response to situations. We demonstrate this using diaries and other forms of writing collected by Mass Observation during the first six months of the pandemic. Responses to government rules and guidance varied by situation. Many people found governance through freedom/ethics confusing and burdensome. Faced with ethical dilemmas, they managed risks and responsibilities by deliberating, weighing justifications, and sometimes falling back on rules of thumb or heuristics. Discussion of good citizenship during future emergencies would benefit from a greater focus on situations, dilemmas, and justifications.
| S-EPMC9874751 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To understand and analyse the global impact of COVID-19 on outpatient services, inpatient care, elective surgery, and perioperative colorectal cancer care, a DElayed COloRectal cancer surgery (DECOR-19) survey was conducted in collaboration with numerous international colorectal societies with the objective of obtaining several learning points from the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our colorectal cancer patients which will assist us in the ongoing management of our colorectal cancer patients and to provide us safe oncological pathways for future outbreaks.
| 2346925 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) has recently become an important pathogen of respiratory infection in both children and adults. The objective of this study was to investigate the detection rate of MP and clinical features of viral coinfection in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in southern Guangzhou.MethodsWe reviewed 3,094 patients with respiratory infection who visited the respiratory medicine and pediatrics department from October 2023 to January 2024. Patients underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) serology for MP, influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV) and enterovirus (EV). We further compared the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the MPP patients with and without viral coinfection. In order to identify the significant association with viral coinfection in MPP, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsMP infection was identified in 746 (36.69%) children and 140 (13.20%) adults, and there were 308 (41.29%) children and 76 (54.29%) adults with MPP. Eighty-four (27.27%) children and 7 (5.0%) adults with MPP had viral coinfection. Viral coinfection including MPP-RSV (4.22%), MPP-ADV (4.22%), MPP-EV (7.14%) and MPP-IFV (11.68%) was identified in children. These patients had a higher frequency of fever, higher white blood cell, higher concentration of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, and higher proportion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at greater than 250 U/L. Imaging feature of consolidation and air bronchogram sign was observed in both MPP and viral coinfection. Multivariable analysis showed fever (adjusted odds ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-11.74; P=0.047) and elevated procalcitonin of greater than 5 ng/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.50-6.72; P=0.003) as the factors associated with the viral coinfection, suggesting that viral infections could aggravate the primary MP infection or predispose patients to secondary bacterial infection.ConclusionsViral coinfection in MPP was common after the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Guangzhou. Increase in procalcitonin should be considered as a possibility of viral coinfection in children with MPP. This finding suggests the need for viral test in children with elevated procalcitonin in MPP, which could help clinicians identify viral coinfection at an early stage and provide timely antiviral intervention.
| S-EPMC11565328 | biostudies-literature