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Preservation of glycine coordination compounds under a gamma radiation dose representative of natural mars radioactivity.

ABSTRACT: The Martian subsurface is more favorable for organic preservation than its surface because of the shielding effect of rocks from cosmic rays and UV radiation with increasing depth. Nevertheless, the natural radioactivity on Mars owing to U, Th, and K must be considered to study the possible extant and/or extinct life. Here, we demonstrate the importance of natural radiation on the amino acid glycine in two different chemical environments, GlyFeSO₄ 5H₂O and GlyMgSO₄ 5H₂O, which are coordination compounds considered relevant to Mars. The results show that after a 600 kGy dose of gamma radiation, glycine was more stable when it bonded to Mg in the GlyMgSO₄ 5H₂O coordination compound, it was less stable when it bonded to Fe in the GlyFeSO₄ 5H₂O compound. Studies on the effects of gamma radiation on preservation of organic molecules bound to minerals and other potential compounds on Mars are significantly important in the search for biosignatures.

SUBMITTER: Bonales LJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9372174 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preservation of glycine coordination compounds under a gamma radiation dose representative of natural mars radioactivity.

Bonales Laura J LJ Muñoz-Iglesias Victoria V Prieto-Ballesteros Olga O Mateo-Martí Eva E

Scientific reports 20220811 1

The Martian subsurface is more favorable for organic preservation than its surface because of the shielding effect of rocks from cosmic rays and UV radiation with increasing depth. Nevertheless, the natural radioactivity on Mars owing to U, Th, and K must be considered to study the possible extant and/or extinct life. Here, we demonstrate the importance of natural radiation on the amino acid glycine in two different chemical environments, GlyFeSO4 5H2O and GlyMgSO4</su ...[more]

PMID: 35953504

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Project description:PurposePatients with cancer frequently undergo radiotherapy in their clinical management with unintended irradiation of blood vessels and copiously irrigated organs in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes circulate. Following the observation that such low doses of ionizing radiation are able to induce neutrophils to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), we have investigated the mechanisms, consequences, and occurrence of such phenomena in patients undergoing radiotherapy.Experimental designNETosis was analyzed in cultures of neutrophils isolated from healthy donors, patients with cancer, and cancer-bearing mice under confocal microscopy. Cocultures of radiation-induced NETs, immune effector lymphocytes, and tumor cells were used to study the effects of irradiation-induced NETs on immune cytotoxicity. Radiation-induced NETs were intravenously injected to mice for assessing their effects on metastasis. Circulating NETs in irradiated patients with cancer were measured using ELISA methods for detecting MPO-DNA complexes and citrullinated histone 3.ResultsIrradiation of neutrophils with very low γ-radiation doses (0.5-1 Gy) elicits NET formation in a manner dependent on oxidative stress, NADPH oxidase activity, and autocrine IL8. Radiation-induced NETs interfere with NK cell and T-cell cytotoxicity. As a consequence, preinjection of irradiation-induced NETs increases the number of successful metastases in mouse tumor models. Increases in circulating NETs were readily detected in two prospective series of patients following the first fraction of their radiotherapy courses.ConclusionsNETosis is induced by low-dose ionizing irradiation in a neutrophil-intrinsic fashion, and radiation-induced NETs are able to interfere with immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Radiation-induced NETs foster metastasis in mouse models and can be detected in the circulation of patients undergoing conventional radiotherapy treatments. See related commentary by Mowery and Luke, p. 3965.

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Preservation of glycine coordination compounds under a gamma radiation dose representative of natural mars radioactivity.

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Preservation of glycine coordination compounds under a gamma radiation dose representative of natural mars radioactivity.

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