Influence of Parity on the Colostrum Bacterial Community Composition in Holstein Cows.
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ABSTRACT: Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-022-01016-x.
SUBMITTER: Silva JS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9375802 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Influence of Parity on the Colostrum Bacterial Community Composition in Holstein Cows.
Silva J S JS Lopes D R G DRG Moreira S M SM Veloso T G R TGR Bento C B P CBP Rotta P P PP Mantovani H C HC
Indian journal of microbiology 20220419 3
The colostrum bacteriome of primiparous (P) and multiparous (M) Holstein cows was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The species richness (Chao 1), diversity (Shannon and Simpson), and beta diversity did not differ between cow groups. The phyla <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Tenericutes</i>, <i>Kiritimatiellaeota,</i> and <i>Fibrobacteres</i> were more abundant in M cows, while <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteria</i>, <i>Cloacimonetes,</i> and <i>Fusobacteria</i> were more abundant in P cows. At the g ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundThe objective was to characterize the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows in association with immunoglobulin G (IgG) content. Immediately after calving, colostrum samples were collected from 18 cows to measure IgG concentration. Based on colostrum IgG content, samples were classified through cluster analysis and were identified as poor, average, and excellent quality. The proteome was assessed with quantitative shotgun proteomics; abundance data were compared among the colostrum types; enrichment analysis of metabolic processes and proteins classes was performed as well. We also tested correlations between this proteome and blood globulin level of cows and passive immunity level of calves.ResultsOn average, 428 proteins were identified per sample, which belonged mainly to cellular process, biological regulation, response to stimulus, metabolic process, and immune system process. Most abundant proteins were complement C3 (Q2UVX4), alpha-S1-casein (P02662), Ig-like domain-containing protein (A0A3Q1M032), albumin (A0A140T897), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (P81265), lactotransferrrin (P24627), and IGHG1*01 (X16701_4). Colostrum of excellent quality had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of serpin A3-7 (A2I7N3), complement factor I (A0A3Q1MIF4), lipocalin/cytosolic fatty-acid binding domain-containing protein (A0A3Q1MRQ2), complement C3 (E1B805), complement component 4 binding protein alpha (A0AAF6ZHP5), and complement component C6 (F1MM86). However, colostrum of excellent quality had lower (P < 0.05) abundance of HGF activator (E1BCW0), alpha-S1-casein (P02662), and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (P80457). This resulted in enrichment of the biological processes predominantly for complement activation alternative pathway, complement activation, complement activation classical pathway, humoral immune response, leukocyte mediated immunity, and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity in excellent-quality colostrum. Additionally, some colostrum proteins were found to be correlated with the blood globulin level of cows and with the passive immunity level of calves (P < 0.05; r ≥ 0.57).ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the bovine colostrum proteome, demonstrating associations between IgG levels and the abundance of other proteins, as well as the enrichment of metabolic processes related to innate immune response. Thus, results suggest that the colostrum proteomic profile is associated with the content of IgG. Future research should deeply explore the association of these findings with pre-calving nutrition status and blood composition of the cow, and with passive immunity transfer to the calf.
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Project description:The rumen microbial community in dairy cows plays a critical role in efficient milk production. However, there is a lack of data comparing the composition of the rumen bacterial community of the main dairy breeds. This study utilizes 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the rumen bacterial community composition in Holstein and Jersey cows fed the same diet by sampling the rumen microbiota via the rumen cannula (Holstein cows) or esophageal tubing (both Holstein and Jersey cows). After collection of the rumen sample via esophageal tubing, particles attached to the strainer were added to the sample to ensure representative sampling of both the liquid and solid fraction of the rumen contents. Alpha diversity metrics, Chao1 and observed OTUs estimates, displayed higher (P = 0.02) bacterial richness in Holstein compared to Jersey cows and no difference (P > 0.70) in bacterial community richness due to sampling method. The principal coordinate analysis displayed distinct clustering of bacterial communities by breed suggesting that Holstein and Jersey cows harbor different rumen bacterial communities. Family level classification of most abundant (>1%) differential OTUs displayed that OTUs from the bacterial families Lachnospiraceae and p-2534-18B5 to be predominant in Holstein cows compared to Jersey cows. Additionally, OTUs belonging to family Prevotellaceae were differentially abundant in the two breeds. Overall, the results from this study suggest that the bacterial community between Holstein and Jersey cows differ and that esophageal tubing with collection of feed particles associated with the strainer provides a representative rumen sample similar to a sample collected via the rumen cannula. Thus, in future studies esophageal tubing with addition of retained particles can be used to collect rumen samples reducing the cost of cannulation and increasing the number of animals used in microbiome investigations, thus increasing the statistical power of rumen microbial community evaluations.
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Project description:Total milk solid (TMS) content directly reflects the quality of milk. Rumen bacteria ferment dietary components, the process of which generates the precursors for the synthesis of milk solid, therefore, the variation in rumen bacterial community could be associated with milk solid in dairy cows. In this study, 45 healthy mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with the similar body weight, lactation stage, and milk yield were initially used for the selection of 10 cows with high TMS (HS) and 10 cows with low TMS (LS). All those animals were under the same feeding management, and the individual milk yield was recorded for 14 consecutive days before milk and rumen fluid were sampled. Rumen fluid was used to determine bacterial community by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. The HS cows had significantly greater feed intake and milk TMS, fat, protein content than LS cows (P < 0.05). Among the volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionic acid and valeric acid concentrations were significantly greater in HS cows than those in LS cows (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and the total VFA (P > 0.05), nor was the acetate-to-propionate ratio, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein concentrations (P > 0.05). Significant differences in the relative abundances of some bacterial genera were found between HS and LS cows. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that TMS content was correlated positively with the abundances of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, Butyrivibrio 2, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Candidatus Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group, probable genus 10, Eubacterium ventriosum group, but negatively correlated with Pyramidobacte. In addition, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 2, Ruminococcaceae UCG001, probable genus 10 and Eubacterium ventriosum group might boost the total VFA production in the rumen. In conclusion, the dry matter intake of dairy cows and some special bacteria in rumen were significantly associated with TMS content, which suggests the potential function of rumen bacteria contributing to TMS content in dairy cows.
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Project description:It is well known that serum biochemical parameters and hormones contribute greatly to the physiological and metabolic status of dairy cows. However, few studies have focused on the variation of these serum parameters in multiparous mid-lactation cows without the interference of diet and management. A total of 287 Holstein dairy cows fed the same diet and maintained under the same management regime were selected from a commercial dairy farm to evaluate the effects of days-in-milk (DIM) and parity on serum biochemical parameters and hormone profiles. Milk yield and milk protein content were affected by DIM and parity (p < 0.05). Milk protein yield showed a numerically decreasing trend with parity, and it was relatively constant in cows with parities between 2 and 4 but lower in cows with parity 6 (p = 0.020). Ten and five serum biochemical parameters related to protein status, energy metabolism, liver and kidney function, and oxidative stress were affected by DIM and parity, respectively (p < 0.05). Glucagon, insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration, and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were significantly different (p < 0.05) among cows with different DIM. Parity had no effect on hormone concentrations. An interaction between DIM and parity effect was only detected for glucagon concentration (p = 0.015), which showed a significantly increasing trend with DIM and overall decreasing trend with parity. In summary, DIM and parity played an important role in affecting the serum biochemical parameters and/or hormones of dairy cows, with serum parameters affected more by DIM than parity.
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Project description:bacterial community composition Raw sequence reads
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Project description:IntroductionThe Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low temperature and hypoxia. N-carbamylglutamic acid (NCG) can increase blood oxygen saturation, and have the potential to be used to prevent the high-altitude hypoxia stress state of cows. However, its beneficial effect on the rumen microbiota of Holstein dairy cows remains unclear.MethodsHence, the experiments 12 multiparous (parity ranged from 2 to 7) Holstein dairy cows (413.0 ± 42 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 6 replicates in each treatment: basal diet (CON, control group) and basal diet plus 20 g/d/cow of NCG (NCG, experiment group), respectively. To study the effects of dietary NCG supplementation on rumen microbiota of Holstein dairy cows in Tibet. The experiment lasted for 45 days, with 15 days of pre-feeding and 30 days of formal trail period.ResultsThe results showed that ruminal NH3-N concentration in NCG group was lower (p < 0.05) than that in the CON group, while molar proportion of acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were increased (p < 0.05) with the addition of NCG. Microbial diversity increased (p < 0.05) in NCG group, with Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Patescibacteria as the most abundant phyla. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the potential function of ruminal bacteria was mainly enriched in metabolism (carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, energy, and nucleotides) and genetic information processing (replication, repair, and translation).ConclusionIn conclusion, NCG can improve rumen nitrogen utilization, total VFA and acetic acid production, and increase rumen microbial diversity, all of which could make the introduced Holstein dairy cows to better adapt to the harsh environment in Tibet and improve their production performance.
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