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From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes.

ABSTRACT: Health and well-being of dogs are of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion plays a key role in dog health, involving physicochemical, mechanical and microbial actors. However, decades of breeding selection led to various dog sizes associated with different digestive physiology and disease sensitivity. Developing new products requires the consideration of all the multi-faceted aspects of canine digestion, the evaluation of food digestibility, drug release and absorption in the gut. This review paper provides an exhaustive literature survey on canine digestive physiology, focusing on size effect on anatomy and digestive parameters, with graphical representation of data classified as "small", "medium" and "large" dogs. Despite the huge variability between protocols and animals, interesting size effects on gastrointestinal physiology were highlighted, mainly related to the colonic compartment. Colonic measurements, transit time permeability, fibre degradation, faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and faecal water content increase while faecal bile acid concentration decreases with body size. A negative correlation between body weight and Proteobacteria relative abundance was observed suggesting an effect of dog body size on faecal microbiota. This paper gathers helpful in vivo data for academics and industrials and supports the development of new food and pharma products to move towards canine personalized nutrition and health.

SUBMITTER: Deschamps C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9379419 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes.

Deschamps Charlotte C Humbert Delphine D Zentek Jürgen J Denis Sylvain S Priymenko Nathalie N Apper Emmanuelle E Blanquet-Diot Stéphanie S

International journal of biological sciences 20220801 13

Health and well-being of dogs are of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion plays a key role in dog health, involving physicochemical, mechanical and microbial actors. However, decades of breeding selection led to various dog sizes associated with different digestive physiology and disease sensitivity. Developing new products requires the consideration of all the multi-faceted aspects of canine digestion, the evaluation of food digestibility, drug release and absorption in the gut. This ...[more]

PMID: 35982892

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Project description:ImportanceThe composition of the gut microbiota is essential for a dog's health and its adaptation to the environment. Different bacteria can produce the same essential metabolites beneficial to health owing to bacterial functional redundancy in microbial communities.ObjectiveThis study examined the gut bacterial communities of dogs from different breeds, all kept under identical domestication conditions.MethodsNoninvasive sampling and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were used to compare the composition and function of the gut microbiota of three dog breeds: the Chinese Kunming dog (CKD), German Shepherd dog (GSD), and Belgian Malinois dog (BMD).ResultsThe gut microbiota of the three dog breeds consisted of 257 species across 146 genera, 60 families, 35 orders, 15 classes, and 10 phyla. The dominant bacterial phyla across the three breeds were Firmicutes (57.44%), Fusobacteriota (28.86%), and Bacteroidota (7.63%), while the dominant bacterial genera across the three breeds were Peptostreptococcus (21.08%), Fusobacterium (18.50%), Lactobacillus (12.37%), and Cetobacter (10.29%). Further analysis revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora of the three breeds at the phylum and genus levels. The intestinal flora of BMD was significantly richer than that of CKD and GSD. The functional prediction and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the primary functions of the gut microbiota in these breeds were similar, with significant enrichment in various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and microbial metabolism in different environments. The intestinal flora of these breeds also played a crucial role in genetic information processing, including transcription, translation, replication, and material transport.Conclusions and relevanceThese results provide novel insights into the intestinal flora of intervention dogs and suggest novel methods to improve their health status, which help increase microbial diversity and normalize metabolite production in diseased dogs.

Dataset Information

From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes.

Publications

From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes.

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