Dataset Information

Regreening properties of the soil slow-mobile H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ complex: Steps forward to the development of a new environmentally friendly Fe fertilizer.

ABSTRACT: The application of synthetic Fe-chelates stands for the most established agronomical practice to alleviate lime-induced chlorosis, which still constitutes a major agronomic problem. However, the percolation through the soil profile due to the negative charge of the most deployed molecules results in agronomical and environmental problems. H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ complex features distinctive chemical characteristics, including moderate stability of the Fe(bpcd)⁺ species (logβ _ML = 20.86) and a total positive charge, and we studied its behavior in soil and regreening effects on cucumber plants. Soil column experiments have underlined that H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ is retained in more amounts than EDDHA/Fe³⁺. The new ligand was not proven to be toxic for the cucumber and maize seedlings. A concentration of 20 μM H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ attained regreening of Fe-deficient cucumber plants grown in the hydroponic solution supplied with CaCO_3, similar to that shown by EDDHA/Fe³⁺. Experiments with a 2 μM concentration of ⁵⁷Fe showed that cucumber roots absorbed H₂bpcd/⁵⁷Fe³⁺ at a slower rate than EDTA/⁵⁷Fe³⁺. The high kinetic inertness of H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ may explain such behavior.

SUBMITTER: Piccinelli F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9386293 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Regreening properties of the soil slow-mobile H2bpcd/Fe3+ complex: Steps forward to the development of a new environmentally friendly Fe fertilizer.

Piccinelli Fabio F Sega Davide D Melchior Andrea A Ruggieri Silvia S Sanadar Martina M Varanini Zeno Z Zamboni Anita A

Frontiers in plant science 20220804

The application of synthetic Fe-chelates stands for the most established agronomical practice to alleviate lime-induced chlorosis, which still constitutes a major agronomic problem. However, the percolation through the soil profile due to the negative charge of the most deployed molecules results in agronomical and environmental problems. H2bpcd/Fe3+ complex features distinctive chemical characteristics, including moderate stability of the Fe(bpcd)+ species (log< ...[more]

PMID: 35991452

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Project description:In our endeavor to improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of a soil diazotroph that would be unaffected by synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, we have deleted a part of the negative regulatory gene nifL and constitutively expressed the positive regulatory gene nifA in the chromosome of Azotobacter chroococcum CBD15, a strain isolated from the local field soil. No antibiotic resistance gene or other foreign gene was present in the chromosome of the engineered strain. Wheat seeds inoculated with this engineered strain, which we have named Azotobacter chroococcum HKD15, were tested for 3 years in pots and 1 year in the field. The yield of wheat was enhanced by ∼60% due to inoculation of seeds by A. chroococcum HKD15 in the absence of any urea application. Ammonium only marginally affected acetylene reduction by the engineered Azotobacter strain. When urea was also applied, the same wheat yield could be sustained by using seeds inoculated with A. chroococcum HKD15 and using ∼85 kg less urea (∼40 kg less nitrogen) than the usual ∼257 kg urea (∼120 kg nitrogen) per hectare. Wheat plants arising from the seeds inoculated with the engineered Azotobacter strain exhibited far superior overall performance, had much higher dry weight and nitrogen content, and assimilated molecular 15N much better. A nitrogen balance experiment also revealed much higher total nitrogen content. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the wild type and that by the engineered strain were about the same. Inoculation of the wheat seeds with A. chroococcum HKD15 did not adversely affect the microbial population in the field rhizosphere soil.IMPORTANCE Application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers is a standard agricultural practice to augment crop yield. Plants, however, utilize only a fraction of the applied fertilizers, while the unutilized fertilizers cause grave environmental problems. Wild-type soil diazotrophic microorganisms cannot replace synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, as these reduce atmospheric nitrogen very inefficiently and almost none at all in the presence of added nitrogenous fertilizers. If the nitrogen-fixing ability of soil diazotrophs could be improved and sustained even in the presence of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, then a mixture of the bacteria and a reduced quantity of chemical nitrogenous fertilizers could be employed to obtain the same grain yield but at a much-reduced environmental cost. The engineered Azotobacter strain that we have reported here has considerably enhanced nitrogen fixation and excretion abilities and can replace ∼85 kg of urea per hectare but sustain the same wheat yield, if the seeds are inoculated with it before sowing.

Dataset Information

Regreening properties of the soil slow-mobile H₂bpcd/Fe³⁺ complex: Steps forward to the development of a new environmentally friendly Fe fertilizer.

Publications

Regreening properties of the soil slow-mobile H<sub>2</sub>bpcd/Fe<sup>3+</sup> complex: Steps forward to the development of a new environmentally friendly Fe fertilizer.

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