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Updated evidence-based developmental attainments for children: First 6 years.

ABSTRACT: An accurate and well-rounded understanding of child development is essential to optimize child functioning and health. The First Six Years Developmental Attainments chart empowers clinicians to give parenting guidance and to evaluate age-specific developmental attainment of their pediatric patients. A practical knowledge translation tool, the chart integrates a comprehensive array of developmental skill attainments, citing the range of sources from classic to current literature. It includes definitions, explanations, and examples for skills, attainment age range, percentile, and oldest age of attainment where available so that the reader can 'estimate the age' for a child's skills in each developmental sector. Sub-headings focus the clinician's search for skills. This updated office reference is of critical use when clinicians guide parents with strategies suited to the child's level of developmental skills. With levels of evidence described, this clinical tool could be used for future national or international studies to develop strategies most useful for clinicians, trainees of different levels, and parents supporting child development.

SUBMITTER: Dosman C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9394628 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Updated evidence-based developmental attainments for children: First 6 years.

Dosman Cara C Gallagher Sheila S LaBerge Patricia P Sahagian Whalen Sandra S Koscielnuk Dorrie D Plaisance Madeleine M Dufour Laurie-Anne LA Andrews Debbi D

Paediatrics & child health 20220623 5

An accurate and well-rounded understanding of child development is essential to optimize child functioning and health. The <i>First Six Years Developmental Attainments</i> chart empowers clinicians to give parenting guidance and to evaluate age-specific developmental attainment of their pediatric patients. A practical knowledge translation tool, the chart integrates a comprehensive array of developmental skill attainments, citing the range of sources from classic to current literature. It includ ...[more]

PMID: 36016595

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Project description:BackgroundDevelopmental language disorder (DLD) is a condition that significantly affects children's achievement but has been understudied. We aim to estimate the prevalence of DLD in Shanghai, compare the co-occurrence of difficulties between children with DLD and those with typical development (TD), and investigate the early risk factors for DLD.MethodsWe estimated DLD prevalence using data from a population-based survey with a cluster random sampling design in Shanghai, China. A subsample of children (aged 5-6 years) received an onsite evaluation, and each child was categorized as TD or DLD. The proportions of children with socio-emotional behavior (SEB) difficulties, low non-verbal IQ (NVIQ), and poor school readiness were calculated among children with TD and DLD. We used multiple imputation to address the missing values of risk factors. Univariate and multivariate regression models adjusted with sampling weights were used to estimate the correlation of each risk factor with DLD.FindingsOf 1082 children who were approached for the onsite evaluation, 974 (90.0%) completed the language ability assessments, of whom 74 met the criteria for DLD, resulting in a prevalence of 8.5% (95% CI 6.3-11.5) when adjusted with sampling weights. Compared with TD children, children with DLD had higher rates of concurrent difficulties, including SEB (total difficulties score at-risk: 156 [17.3%] of 900 TD vs. 28 [37.8%] of 74 DLD, p < 0.0001), low NVIQ (3 [0.3%] of 900 TD vs. 8 [10.8%] of 74 DLD, p < 0.0001), and poor school readiness (71 [7.9%] of 900 TD vs. 13 [17.6%] of 74 DLD, p = 0.0040). After accounting for all other risk factors, a higher risk of DLD was associated with a lack of parent-child interaction diversity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.29-7.37; p = 0.012) and lower kindergarten levels (compared to demonstration and first level: third level (aOR = 6.15, 95% CI = 1.92-19.63; p = 0.0020)).InterpretationThe prevalence of DLD and its co-occurrence with other difficulties suggest the need for further attention. Family and kindergarten factors were found to contribute to DLD, suggesting that multi-sector coordinated efforts are needed to better identify and serve DLD populations at home, in schools, and in clinical settings.FundingThe study was supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 2022you1-2, D1502), the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (No. SHSMU-ZDCX20211900), Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (No.GWV-10.1-XK07), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC2705201).

Project description:BackgroundInfancy regulatory problems (RP) of sleep, feeding and eating, and excessive crying are thought to play a key role in the development of psychopathology in childhood, but knowledge of the early trajectories is limited.ObjectiveTo explore RP at ages 8-11 months and the associations with mental health problems at 1½ years, and assess the influences of maternal mental health problems and relationship problems.MethodsRP was explored in a nested in-cohort sample (N = 416) drawn from a community-based cohort (N = 2,973). Cohort children were examined by community health nurses, using a mental health screening, which included seven items of RP. Follow-up at 1½ years included diagnostic assessment according to the International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10, and the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders in Infancy and Early Childhood: Revised edition, DC:0-3R. Data analyses included logistic regression models and analyses of the mediation effect of maternal mental health and relationship problems.ResultsRP of sleep were associated with a 2-fold increased risk of child mental disorder specifically sleep disorders, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 9.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-42.9], disorders of behavior and emotions, adjusted OR 2.9 (95% CI: 1.0-8.4), and DC:0-3R regulatory disorders, adjusted OR 2.7 (95% CI: 1.0-7.5). Children with RP of feeding and eating showed an increased risk of overall mental disorder, adjusted OR 1.4 (95% CI: 0.7-2.4), and specifically, feeding and eating disorders, adjusted OR 6.0 (95% CI: 1.6-21.7), disorders of behavior and emotions, adjusted OR 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9-5.8), as well as DC:0-3R regulatory disorders, adjusted OR 1.6 (1.0-7.5). RP of emotional regulation were associated with increased risk of any mental disorder, adjusted OR 1.5 (1.0-2.4), and specifically behavioral and emotional disorders, adjusted OR 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9-5.9) and DC:0-3R relationship disorders, adjusted OR 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9-3.8). The mediation effect of maternal mental health problems and relationship problems ranged between 0% and 48%.ConclusionRP at ages 8-11 months is associated with increased risk of ICD-10 and DC:0-3R disorders at 1½ years. Study findings highlight a group of vulnerable infants in need of preventive intervention to break the early trajectories of psychopathology.

Project description:ImportanceThere are concerns that apparently healthy extremely preterm children face a risk of developing motor impairments, such as developmental coordination disorder.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder and associated comorbidities in a national cohort of apparently healthy children born at 22 to 26 gestational weeks, compared alongside term-born peers.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective, population-based cohort study included all children who were consecutively born at 22 to 26 gestational weeks in Sweden from April 1, 2004, through March 31, 2007. At 6.5 years, 441 preterm children were evaluated alongside 371 controls. A total of 275 preterm children (62.4%) and 359 term-born children (96.8%) did not have neurodevelopmental disabilities. Motor assessments were completed for 229 of 275 preterm children (83.3%) and 344 of 359 (95.8%) term-born children, who composed the final study sample.Main outcomes and measuresDevelopmental coordination disorder was defined as a score of the fifth percentile or lower on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition scale, using control group scores. Assessment tools included the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales, the Five to Fifteen questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire.ResultsOf the 229 extremely preterm children and 344 term-born controls who underwent motor assessments, 115 (50.2%) and 194 (56.4%) were boys, respectively. Developmental coordination disorder was present in 85 of 229 (37.1%) preterm children and in 19 of 344 controls (5.5%) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.92; 99% CI, 3.69-17.20). When preterm children with developmental coordination disorder were compared with term-born peers, the risk was increased for total behavioral problems, internalizing, externalizing, attentional problems, hyperactivity, perceptual problems, executive dysfunction, and poor social skills, with adjusted ORs varying from 2.66 (99% CI, 1.09-6.48) for time concepts to 9.06 (99% CI, 3.60-22.8) for attentional problems (all P < .01). When preterm children with and without developmental coordination disorder were compared, preterm children with developmental coordination disorder had more behavioral problems; the adjusted OR for total behavioral problems was 2.71 (99% CI, 1.15-6.37); for externalizing problems, 2.80 (99% CI, 1.10-7.12); for inattention, 3.38 (99% CI, 1.39-8.18); and for combined attention/hyperactivity problems, 3.68 (99% CI, 1.47-9.16) (all P < .01). Parents underestimated the children's motor problems and only a few of the children had received psychological care or physiotherapy.Conclusions and relevanceChildren who were born extremely preterm faced a high risk for developmental coordination disorder with associated comorbidities. Our findings support the importance of a structured follow-up of motor function, behavior, and cognition.

Project description:BackgroundSubstantial progress in reducing the child mortality rate has been made globally in the last two decades. However, for China, the number of children dying from preventable diseases is still very large. It is important to have regularly updated information on the distribution of causes of death (COD) in children to inform policy and research. In this study, we aim to estimate the COD spectrum in children younger than five years old from 2009 to 2015 with a focus on the year 2015 and to provide an updated COD prediction model for China.MethodsUpdated data of under-five mortality rates (U5MRs) and the number of live births at national and provincial levels were obtained from United Nation's Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME), Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), and United Nations Population Division (UNPD). Then, we conducted a systematic review across four Chinese and English bibliographic databases and identified high-quality community-based longitudinal studies of COD in children younger than five years in China. We developed a number of single-cause models to predict the number of child death for main COD in different age groups at both national and provincial levels. The jackknife procedure was applied to construct the 95% Uncertainty Ranges (URs).ResultsFrom 2009 to 2015, the under-five mortality rates have declined by 37.1%. The leading causes of death in 2015 were preterm birth complications (17.4%), birth asphyxia (15.2%), congenital abnormalities (14.1%), accidents (13.5%) and pneumonia (12.4%) for children under five years old. The COD spectrum varied substantially across Chinese provinces with different development levels. The leading cause in children under five years in the wealthier provinces (with lower U5MRs) was congenital abnormalities (up to 18.9%), while in the poorer provinces (with higher U5MRs), pneumonia was the dominant COD (up to 23.4%).ConclusionsThis study updates and validates the accuracy of the findings of our previous COD study and proposes a new modelling method to predict proportions for the most common causes of child death in China. These updated COD estimates suggest that current strategies to reduce child mortality should prioritise action on neonatal deaths and target interventions against the top COD according to the local COD spectrum. Special attention should also be given to reducing differences between Chinese provinces and regions with differing development levels.

Dataset Information

Updated evidence-based developmental attainments for children: First 6 years.

Publications

Updated evidence-based developmental attainments for children: First 6 years.

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