Characterization of the Volatilome of Tuber canaliculatum Harvested in Quebec, Canada
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fortier D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9404485 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Québec from 2016 to 2017 and to identify possible exposures associated with the disease, and the dominant Cryptosporidium species in circulation. A descriptive analysis was performed on data collected from the provincial notifiable infectious diseases registry and the epidemiological investigation. Fecal sample were sent to the Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec for molecular characterization. In Québec, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, a total of 201 confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis were notified. A peak in the number of reported cases was observed at the end of the summer. The regional public health department with the highest adjusted incidence rate for sex and age group for both years was that of Nunavik, in the north of Québec. A higher average annual incidence rate was observed for females between the ages of 20 to 34 years compared to males. Overall, for both males and females the distribution appeared to be bimodal with a first peak in children younger than five years old and a second peak in adults from 20 to 30 years of age. Molecular characterization showed that 23% (11/47) of cases were infected with C. hominis while 74% (35/47) were infected with C. parvum. Meanwhile, subtyping results identified by gp60 sequencing, show that all C. parvum subtypes belonged to the IIa family, whereas the subtypes for C. hominis belonged to the Ia, Ib, and Id families. Finally, the epidemiological investigation showed that diarrhea was the most common reported symptom with 99% (72/73) of investigated cases having experienced it. This first brief epidemiological portrait of cryptosporidiosis in Québec has allowed for the description, both at the provincial and regional level, of the populations that could be particularly vulnerable to the disease.
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Project description:The following species of Curculionoidea are newly recorded from the Canadian province of Quebec: Coelocephalapion emaciipes (Fall, 1898); Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797); Omphalapion hookerorum (Kirby, 1808); Perapion punctinasum (J.B. Smith, 1884) (all Brentidae); Anthonomus robustulus LeConte, 1876; Pseudanthonomus helvolus (Boheman, 1843); Bagous magister LeConte, 1876; Bagous tanneri O'Brien, 1979; Buchananius striatus (LeConte, 1876); Ceutorhynchus bolteri Dietz, 1896; Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802); Ceutorhynchus pauxillus Dietz, 1896; Conotrachelus buchanani Schoof, 1942; Conotrachelus pusillus LeConte, 1878; Conotrachelus recessus (Casey, 1910); Curculio rubidus (Gyllenhal, 1835); Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte, 1876); Hadroplontus litura (Fabricius, 1775); Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758); Lixus terminalis LeConte, 1876; Myosides seriehispidus Roelofs, 1873; Phloeotribus dentifrons (Blackman, 1921); Plocamus echidna (LeConte, 1876); Scolytus muticus Say, 1824; Sirocalodes sericans (LeConte, 1876); Smicronyx sculpticollis Casey, 1892 (all Curculionidae). Among these, Buchananius striatus, Conotrachelus buchanani, Conotrachelus pusillus, and Curculio rubidus (all Curculionidae) are also recorded from Canada for the first time. The latter is also newly reported from Ontario. Collecting data are provided for Lixus punctinasus LeConte, 1876, previously reported to occur in Canada without any further information, and for Choragus sayi LeConte, 1876 (Anthribidae) and Rhyssomatus aequalis Horn, 1873 (Curculionidae), both previously recorded from Quebec, also without further details.
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Project description:INTRODUCTION: Few studies have measured gender inequality at levels lower than the country. We sought to develop neighbourhood indicators of gender inequality, and assess their ability to capture variability in gender inequality across Québec, Canada. METHODS: Aggregate 2001 census data for 11,564 neighbourhoods were obtained for men and women. Twelve indicators of gender inequality representing demographic/household characteristics, education, income, work/leisure, and political participation were selected. Neighbourhood-level gender inequality scores were computed for each indicator, and examined across parts of Québec (metropolitan areas, mid-sized cities, rural areas). Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the ability of indicators to capture heterogeneity in gender inequality across neighbourhoods. RESULTS: Male-dominant neighbourhood-level gender inequality tended to be present for average employment income, labour force participation, employment rate, and employment in managerial positions. Female-dominant gender inequality tended to be present for divorce, single-headed households, and participation in unpaid housework, child and elderly care. Neighbourhood-level gender inequality tended to vary across metropolitan areas, mid-sized cities, and rural areas. Gender inequality scores also varied within these geographic areas. For example, there was greater income-related gender inequality in high than low income neighbourhoods. Monte Carlo simulations suggested that the variation in gender inequality across neighbourhoods was greater than expected with chance alone. CONCLUSION: Neighbourhood-level gender inequality tended to be present in Québec, and varied across parts of the province. Greater awareness of and research on neighbourhood-level gender inequality may be warranted to inform gender policies in Québec and other nations.
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Project description:Kobuviruses are known to infect the gastrointestinal tract of different animal species. Since its discovery in 2003, bovine kobuvirus (BKV) has been identified in faecal samples from diarrhoeic cattle in many countries, but only recently in North America. Although its possible role as an agent of calf diarrhoea remains to be determined, evidence is mounting. Our study reports for the first time the detection of BKV in faecal samples from diarrhoeic calves raised in Quebec, Canada. BKV was more commonly identified than eight known and common enteric calf pathogens. Further sequence analysis revealed that Canada BKV strain 1,043,507 was more closely correlated with the US BKV IL35164 strain than other BKV strains with complete genome. Continued surveillance and genomic characterization are needed to monitor BKV in the cattle around the world.
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Project description:In August 2021, a legionellosis outbreak involving 7 persons occurred within a 500-meter radius in the Montérégie region of Québec, Canada. Near real-time modeling of wind direction along with epidemiologic and environmental investigations identified the possible source. Modeling wind direction could help identify likely Legionella pneumophila sources during legionellosis outbreaks.
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Project description:Zoonotic Echinococcus spp. cestodes (E. canadensis and E. multilocularis) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of Canada and the USA. We recovered and quantified Echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic foxes) in the state of Maine and the province of Québec. We identified the species and genotypes of three Echinococcus spp. cestodes per infected animal by sequencing mitochondrial DNA at two loci. We further confirmed the absence of E. multilocularis by extracting DNA from pools of all cestodes from each animal and running a duplex PCR capable of distinguishing the two species. We detected E. canadensis (G8 and G10), but not E. multilocularis, which is emerging as an important human and animal health concern in adjacent regions. Prevalence and median intensity of E. canadensis was higher in wolves (35%, 460) than coyotes (14%, 358). This parasite has historically been absent in Atlantic regions of North America, where suitable intermediate hosts, but not wolves, are present. Our study suggests that coyotes are serving as sylvatic definitive hosts for E. canadensis in Atlantic regions, and this may facilitate eastward range expansion of E. canadensis in the USA and Canada. As well, compared to wolves, coyotes are more likely to contaminate urban green spaces and peri-urban environments with zoonotic parasites.
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Project description:This retrospective multicenter cohort study assessed temporal changes in the severity and mortality rate of blastomycosis in Quebec, Canada, and identified risk factors for death in patients with blastomycosis in 1988-2016. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause deaths. Among 185 patients, 122 (66%) needed hospitalization and 30 (16%) died. We noted increases in the proportion of severe cases, in age at diagnosis and in the proportion of diabetic and immunocompromised patients over time. Independent risk factors for death were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07), immunosuppression (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.6), and involvement of >2 lung lobes (aOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.9-14.3). There was no association between the Blastomyces genotype group and all-cause mortality. The proportion of severe cases of blastomycosis has increased in Quebec over the past 30 years, partially explained by the higher number of immunosuppressed patients.
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Project description:BackgroundFluoropyrimidines are used in chemotherapy combinations for multiple cancers. Deficient dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity can lead to severe life-threatening toxicities. DPYD*2A polymorphism is one of the most studied variants. The study objective was to document the impact of implementing this test in routine clinical practice.MethodsWe retrospectively performed chart reviews of all patients who tested positive for a heterozygous or homozygous DPYD*2A mutation in samples obtained from patients throughout the province of Quebec, Canada.ResultsDuring a period of 17 months, 2,617 patients were tested: 25 patients tested positive. All were White. Twenty-four of the 25 patients were heterozygous (0.92%), and one was homozygous (0.038%). Data were available for 20 patients: 15 were tested upfront, whereas five were identified after severe toxicities. Of the five patients confirmed after toxicities, all had grade 4 cytopenias, 80% grade ≥3 mucositis, 20% grade 3 rash, and 20% grade 3 diarrhea. Eight patients identified with DPYD*2A mutation prior to treatment received fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy at reduced initial doses. The average fluoropyrimidine dose intensity during chemotherapy was 50%. No grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. DPYD*2A test results were available in an average of 6 days, causing no significant delays in treatment initiation.ConclusionUpfront genotyping before fluoropyrimidine-based treatment is feasible in clinical practice and can prevent severe toxicities and hospitalizations without delaying treatment initiation. The administration of chemotherapy at reduced doses appears to be safe in patients heterozygous for DPYD*2A.Implications for practiceFluoropyrimidines are part of chemotherapy combinations for multiple cancers. Deficient dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity can lead to severe life-threatening toxicities. This retrospective analysis demonstrates that upfront genotyping of DPYD before fluoropyrimidine-based treatment is feasible in clinical practice and can prevent severe toxicities and hospitalizations without delaying treatment initiation. This approach was reported previously, but insufficient data concerning its application in real practice are available. This is likely the first reported experience of systematic DPYD genotyping all over Canada and North America as well.
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Project description:BackgroundResearch in the field of genomics and genetics has evolved in recent years and so has the demand of consumers who are increasingly interested in genomic prediction of diseases and various traits. The aim of this study is to identify genetic service delivery models, policies governing the use of genomics medicine, and measures to evaluate genetic services in the province of Quebec, Canada.MethodsAn ad hoc questionnaire was designed and administered online in 2017 to healthcare workers with good knowledge or experience in the provision of BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2), Lynch syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia, inherited thrombophilia genetic tests, engaged in policy planning or evaluation of genetic services. A quali-quantitative analysis of the survey results was performed.ResultsThirty professionals participated in the study. The delivery models are classified in five categories according to the leading role of healthcare professionals in patient care pathways: i) the geneticist model; ii) the primary care model; iii) the medical specialist model; iv) the population screening program model; and v) the direct-to-consumer model. Barriers to genetic services are the coverage of genetic tests by the publicly funded healthcare system, the availability of qualified personnel, and the number of genetic centers. Regulatory oversight concerning the provision of genetic services appears to be insufficient.ConclusionsIntegration between genetics and the overall healthcare system in Quebec is in an early phase. Current models of genetic services require good level of genetic knowledge by all medical specialists, collaboration among different healthcare personnel, and work redistribution. The proper implementation of genomics into healthcare can be achieved through education and training, proper regulatory oversight, genomic policies, and public awareness.
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